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  • DFPI orders deceptive debt collectors to desist and refrain, pay penalties

    State Issues

    On October 23, DFPI announced enforcement actions against four debt collectors for engaging in unlicensed debt collection activity, in violation of Debt Collection Licensing Act and unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices, in violation of the California Consumer Financial Protection Law. In its order against two entities, the department alleged that the entities contacted at least one California consumer and made deceptive statements in an attempt to collect a payday loan-related debt, among other things. In its third order against another two entities, DFPI alleged that a consumer was not provided the proper disclosures in a proposed settlement agreement to pay off their debts in a one-time payments. Additionally, DFPI alleged that the entity representatives made a false representation by communicating empty threats of an impending lawsuit.

    Under their orders (see here, here, and here), the entities must desist and refrain from engaging in illegal and deceptive practices, including (i) failing to identify as debt collectors; (ii) making false and misleading statements about payment requirements; (iii) threatening unlawful action, such as a lawsuit, because of nonpayment of a debt; (iv) contacting the consumer at a forbidden time of day; (iv) making false claims of pending lawsuits or legal process and the character, amount, or legal status of the debt; (v) failing to provide a “validation notice” ; and (vi) threatening to sue on time-barred debt.

    The entities are ordered to pay a combined $87,500 in penalties for each of the illegal and deceptive practices.

    State Issues DFPI Enforcement Debt Collection Deceptive UDAAP California CCFPL Consumer Finance Consumer Protection

  • DFPI takes action against five debt collectors

    State Issues

    On January 30, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) announced enforcement actions against five separate debt collectors for unlicensed activity under the Debt Collection Licensing Act (DCLA) and unlawful and deceptive acts or practices in violation of the California Consumer Financial Protection Law (CCFPL). According to DFPI, the desist and refrain orders allege that the subjects engaged in a variety of different unlawful and deceptive practices, including, among other things: (i) engaging in debt collection in California without a license from the DFPI; (ii) attempting to collect a debt that a consumer did not owe; (iii) making unlawful threats to sue on debts; (iv) making false claims of pending lawsuits; and (v) failing to notify consumers of their right to request validation of debts. According to DFPI Commissioner Clothilde Hewlett, the agency has observed “an increase in fake debt collector scams in recent months,” and is “committed to rigorous, ongoing enforcement efforts to protect Californians from these deceitful practices.” The combined actions resulted in penalties totaling $120,000 and ordered the debt collectors to desist and refrain from violating the DCLA and CCFPL.

    State Issues Licensing DFPI California Debt Collection CCFPL Consumer Finance

  • DFPI issues reminder to debt collection licensing applicants

    Recently, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) issued a reminder that starting January 1, 2023, the agency will begin approving applications under the Debt Collection Licensing Act. As previously covered by InfoBytes, the California governor signed AB 156 in September to allow any debt collector that submits an application to the DFPI commissioner by January 1, 2023, to operate pending the approval or denial of the application. DFPI reminded applicants that background checks will be performed at a later date. The period for individuals to provide fingerprints upon request from DFPI is extended from 60 to 90 days. Written notification will be sent to applicants through the Nationwide Multi-State Licensing System 90 days prior to fingerprinting being due. Additionally, DFPI stated that due to the delay in the application process, final approvals may be delayed. Further announcements will be issued in the coming weeks concerning conditional approvals, DFPI said, noting that it will provide at least 30 days' notice before implementing any changes to existing processes.

    Licensing State Issues State Regulators DFPI California Debt Collection NMLS Debt Collection Licensing Act

  • California amends certain debt collector licensing provisions

    On September 27, the California governor signed AB 156, which, among other things, amends various provisions of the Debt Collection Licensing Act to allow any debt collector that submits an application to the commissioner of the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation before January 1, 2023, to operate pending the approval or denial of the application. The amendments also authorize the commissioner to issue a conditional license pending the receipt and review of fingerprints and related information. Additional provisions state that a conditional license will expire under certain conditions, including the issuance of an unconditional license. The amendments also grant the commissioner authorization to deem an application abandoned. The amendments take effect January 1, 2023.

    Licensing State Issues State Legislation California DFPI Debt Collection Debt Collection Licensing Act

  • DFPI issues proposal on debt collection licensing

    On July 15, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) issued an invitation for comments on draft text for a proposed second rulemaking (NPRM) related to the scope, annual report, and document retention requirements under the Debt Collection Licensing Act (the Act). As previously covered by InfoBytes, in 2020, California passed and adopted the Act, which requires a person engaging in the business of debt collection in California to be licensed and provides for the regulation and oversight of debt collectors by DFPI. Previously, DFPI issued an NPRM (which was later amended) to adopt new debt collector licensing requirements by regulation (covered by InfoBytes here).

    The newest NPRM follows an August 2021 initial request for comments on anticipated rulemaking related to the scope, annual report, and bond amount increase provisions of the Act (covered by InfoBytes here). The NPRM seeks input from stakeholders on topics related to:

    • Definitions and terms. Amendments and expansions to certain defined terms, including “employee,” “engage in the business of debt collection,” and “net proceeds generated by California debtor accounts.”
    • Exemptions. Under the NPRM, employees of debt collectors will not be required to be licensed under the Act “when acting within the scope of their employment” with a licensed debt collector. Additionally, the Act’s listed exemptions apply only to the underlying applicant or licensee—the exemption is not applicable to parent entities, subsidiaries, or to affiliates. The NPRM further provides that creditors collecting consumer debts in their own names are not considered to be debt collectors for licensing purposes, unless they meet certain criteria. The NPRM also lists other exemptions for persons solely servicing non-defaulted debts on behalf of an original creditor, healthcare providers, local, state, or federal government bodies, or public utilities acting under the supervision of the California Public Utilities Commission.
    • Consumer credit transactions. The NPRM specifies that the following types of debt are not considered “consumer debt” to be regulated under the Act: most residential rental debt, debt owed to an HOA or other equivalent written agreement, deferred debt from a consumer’s acquisition of healthcare or medical services, and failed personal checks.
    • Annual reports. The NPRM’s reporting requirements state, with respect to annual reporting requirements, that the “total number of California debtor accounts should be counted by transaction, not by debtor” (i.e., should a single debtor have multiple accounts, each account should be counted separately). The NPRM also outlines criteria for reporting the total number of accounts and dollar amounts.
    • Record retention. With respect to document retention, licensees will be obliged to follow specific criteria for preserving the records “of any contact with, or attempt to contact, anyone associated with a debtor account, regardless of who initiated the contact and whether the attempt at contact is successful.” Licensees will be required to retain this information, as well as additional documents, for at least seven years after the account is settled, returned to the creditor, sold, or collection attempts have stopped.

    Comments to the NPRM are due August 29.

    Licensing State Issues State Regulators DFPI California Debt Collection

  • DFPI says debt collection licenses “unavoidably delayed”

    On May 23, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) sent a notice to applicants and prospective applicants announcing unforeseen delays in the issuance of licenses under the Debt Collection Licensing Act. The FBI informed DFPI that new changes are needed to state agency protocols for requesting federal background checks. Prospective licensees are encouraged to continue submitting applications through the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System. DFPI stated that during this delay (which “is necessary to enable the Department to effectuate the licensing background check required under the Debt Collection Licensing Act”), “applicants may continue to engage in business, and the Department will not take action for unlicensed activity against applicants who filed their applications after December 31, 2021.” DFPI will reach out to applicants with instructions for submitting fingerprints for background checks when the process becomes available, and advised licensees that “[f]or purposes of including California debt collector license numbers when contacting or communicating with debtors as required under Civil Code section 1788.11, an applicant who has filed its application through NMLS may indicate “license number pending” or similar verbiage until a license is issued.” DFPI will notify applicants when it begins issuing licenses and encourages applicants to check the Department’s website for updates.

    Licensing State Issues California DFPI State Regulators NMLS Debt Collection Licensing Act Debt Collection

  • DFPI adopts debt collector license application and requirements

    On December 22, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) adopted regulations, beginning at section 1850, title 10 of the California Code of Regulations, under the Debt Collection Licensing Act. As previously covered by InfoBytes, in July, DFPI issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to incorporate changes to its debt collection licensing requirements and application. Among other things, the regulations set forth the: (i) application form and procedures for filing a license application through the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System & Registry (NMLS); (ii) requirements for a licensee to maintain information filed through the NMLS current; and (iii) procedures for surrendering a license as a debt collector.

    Licensing DFPI California State Issues State Regulators Debt Collection

  • DFPI acknowledges challenges in obtaining a NMLS account

    On December 23, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) released a notice on its website regarding DFPI’s awareness of a “temporary slowdown in obtaining a new Nationwide Multistate Licensing System or NMLS account.” DFPI noted that it is “working cooperatively with the NMLS team to be able to verify those that have attempted to apply.” DFPI observed that “[w]ith various DFPI year-end deadlines, the NMLS team is experiencing an unprecedented volume of account requests.” DFPI further acknowledged the “predicament this puts entities in who are trying to comply with the new debt collector licensing requirement to apply for a license by Dec. 31, 2021,” and stated it “will not take any action against a debt collector solely on the basis of the temporary slowdown with NMLS.”

    Licensing DFPI California State Issues State Regulators Debt Collection

  • DFPI reminds debt collectors and buyers of December 31 application deadline

    Recently, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) reminded debt buyers and debt collectors operating in the state of California that applications must be submitted on or before December 31, 2021 through the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System & Registry (NMLS). The Debt Collection Licensing Act, which takes effect January 1, 2022, requires all persons engaging in the business of debt collection to be licensed by DFPI. Debt collectors that have submitted applications may continue operating in the state while the applications are pending. However, debt collectors that miss the December 31 deadline will be required to wait for the issuance of a license before operating in the state. Application materials and a checklist of requirements are available on NMLS. DFPI noted it will review applications and issue licenses in 2022 and 2023, and stated that once a debt collector is licensed it will not need to register under the California Consumer Financial Protection Law.

    Licensing State Issues State Regulators DFPI Debt Collection California NMLS Debt Buyer

  • DFPI proposes additional changes to definitions under Debt Collection Licensing Act

    On November 15, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) issued a second draft of proposed regulations under the Debt Collection Licensing Act (the Act). As previously covered by InfoBytes, California enacted the Act in 2020 to require a person engaging in the business of debt collecting in the state, as defined by the Act, to be licensed. The Act also provides for the regulation and oversight of debt collectors by DFPI. In April 2021, DFPI issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) and proposed regulations to adopt new requirements for debt collectors seeking to obtain a license to operate in the state, and issued a notice of modifications to the NPRM in June to incorporate changes to its debt collection license requirements and application. (Covered by InfoBytes here and here.) Among other things, the proposed modifications:

    • Amend the definition of “branch office” to include any location other than an applicant’s or licensee’s principal place of business “if activity related to debt collection occurs at the location and the location is held out to the public as a business location or money is received at the location or held at the location.” The definition of “holding a location out to the public” includes receiving postal correspondence, meeting with the public, including the location on correspondence, letterhead, or business cards, and including signage at the location, or making any other representation that the location is a business location.  
    • Amend the definition of “debt collector” to align with the Act, which defines “debt collector” as “any person who, in the ordinary course of business, regularly, on the person’s own behalf or on behalf of others, engages in debt collection. The term includes any person who composes and sells, or offers to compose and sell, forms, letters and other collection media used or intended to be used for debt collection. The term ‘debt collector’ includes ‘debt buyer’ as defined in Section 1788.50 of the Civil Code.”

    Comments on the second draft of modifications must be received by December 2.

    Licensing State Issues State Regulators DFPI Debt Collection California

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