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OCC reminds banks of its exclusive visitorial authority
On April 24, the OCC issued Bulletin 2020-43 to “remind[] banks that it has exclusive visitorial authority over them.” The bulletin states that it is important for banks to quickly provide the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program loans to small businesses. As such, state and local officials cannot examine banks’ books and records without prior authorization such that they attempt to exercise visitorial authority. Moreover, banks are not required to comply with such requests, and are further encouraged to contact their OCC examiner regarding any state and local requests. State and local officials are likewise encouraged to contact the OCC with any information or questions.
Special Alert: Regulators provide important guidance on next wave of PPP funding
President Trump on April 24 signed the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act, adding $310 billion in funding to the $350 billion initially appropriated to the program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. The Federal Reserve Board, Treasury Department, and the Small Business Administration have issued important guidance in recent days related to loan participations, additional Fed support, borrower eligibility, and loan forgiveness. The SBA and the Fed have also provided more information on electronic execution and collection of loan documents, as the importance of digital loans continues to loom large with signatories working remotely.
FHFA allows PPP loans as collateral for FHLB advances
On April 23, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) announced that Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB) will begin to accept Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans as collateral for advances to provide liquidity to community banks and other small lenders. FHFA issued a letter to FHLBs advising that banks may accept PPP loans from members subject to certain conditions including: (i) CAMELS rating must be at least a three, or credit rating in the top 60 percent; (ii) members downgraded after pledging PPP loans as collateral will have additional conditions placed on the collateral; and (iii) if the member does not replace PPP loans after downgrade with alternate eligible collateral, the FHLB will take possession of the collateral and impose haircuts based on member rating. The letter also sets out additional conditions regarding discounts, caps and limits. Among these conditions: (i) FHLBs must have at least a 10 percent collateral discount on 100 percent or less of unpaid principal balance (UPB); (ii) PPP collateral is capped at 20 percent of a member’s “lendable pledged collateral”; and (iii) a member may not pledge PPP loans for more than $5 billion of lendable collateral.
Class actions accuse banks of prioritizing existing customers and high-dollar loans
On April 23, a small business filed a class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against a large bank for allegedly ignoring the CARES Act’s Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) “regulations for administering, processing, and handling” loan applications. The complaint claims that the bank disregarded a requirement to process loans in the order that they were submitted, and also contends that the bank made false and misleading statements to conceal the fact that high dollar loans were moved to the front of the processing queue in order for the bank to obtain higher fees. The class action seeks certification of the class, injunctive relief, disgorgement, and punitive and statutory damages, among other things.
On April 22 in a separate class action based on similar facts and allegations, a small business owner filed a motion for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction against a different large bank. The business owner filed the motion in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division to prevent the bank from applying “illegal eligibility requirement[s]” to the Small Business Administration-guaranteed PPP loans. The motion claims that the bank was only processing loan applications from the bank’s existing business customers in disregard for the CARES Act and Interim Final Rule instruction to administer the PPP loans to all customers, existing and new. In addition to the temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction, the motion requests that the bank issue a public statement that their existing business customer eligibility requirement is no longer in effect. In an order issued on April 29, the court denied the business owner’s motion for a temporary restraining order and deferred ruling on the preliminary injunction until after a hearing.
Banks face class actions for prioritizing large customers for PPP loans
On April 20, five class action lawsuits were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against six of the nation’s largest banks, alleging that the banks prioritized existing, large customers over smaller businesses for the Small Business Administration’s (SBA's) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans. The suits claim that the banks submitted PPP applications for existing large customers first, failing to process applications in the order they were received. Moreover, pursuant to the CARES Act, the SBA provided PPP lenders with origination fees on a sliding scale, from 1 percent to 5 percent, based on the amount of each loan. The complaints allege that higher origination fees provided incentive for the banks to process higher dollar loans ahead of smaller dollar loans. See the complaints here, here, here, here, and here.
Fed provides FAQs on PPP liquidity facility
On April 20, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) released a series of frequently asked questions (FAQs) and answers relating to the agency’s newly launched Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF). As previously covered by InfoBytes, the PPPLF was up and running on April 16 to provide liquidity to banks making loans to small businesses pursuant to the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). The SBA-guaranteed PPP loans are used as collateral for term financing provided by the PPPLF. The PPPLF extends credit to financial institutions participating in the PPP at a fixed rate of 35 basis points. Additional information regarding the PPPLF, including a term sheet, borrowing documentation, and operational documentation including samples can be found on the Fed website here.
OCC bulletin highlights Covid-19 assistance to businesses, consumers, and governments through Fed facilities
On April 20, the OCC issued a bulletin to spotlight the many Federal Reserve (Fed) lending programs established to provide relief from the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and to highlight how the programs benefit consumers, businesses, and state and local governments. The Fed has supported the economy in a number of ways, particularly through establishing or expanding loan, credit, and liquidity facilities including (i) the Paycheck Protection Liquidity Facility (PPPLF); (ii) the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF); (iii) the Primary and Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facilities (PMCCF) and (SMCCF); (iv) the Municipal Liquidity Facility (MLF); and (v) the new Main Street Facility. As previously covered by a Buckley Special Alert, the PPPLF provides liquidity to banks to enable them to lend to small business owners so they can keep their businesses running and pay their employees. The TALF, PMCCF, and SMCCF ensure the flow of credit to consumers and businesses for things such as auto loans, credit card loans, and student loans. The MLF facilitates the flow of cash into states, counties, and cities so that their governments may continue to provide services to residents. Finally, the Main Street Facility—like the PPPLF—supports lending to businesses, in which banks originate Main Street Lending Program loans to small and medium-sized businesses by selling the majority of the loans to the Main Street Facility. Further details about the Main Street Facility can be found in a Buckley Special Alert here.
Fed issues rule to temporarily allow bank insiders access to PPP
On April 17, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced an interim final rule to allow “certain bank directors and shareholders” to apply for loans from the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). The rule will temporarily suspend some of the requirements of Federal Reserve Act Section 22(h) and Regulation O, to permit banks to extend credit to bank insiders, but only for PPP loans. This announcement comes after the SBA recently issued its own interim final rule regarding eligibility of directors and shareholders to apply for PPP loans for their own small businesses. The Fed’s interim final rule is effective upon publication in the Federal Register and comments must be received within 45 days of publication.
FTC seeks injunction against company posing as SBA lender
On April 17, the FTC filed a complaint against a Rhode Island-based company and its owner (defendants) for allegedly violating the FTC Act by claiming to be an approved lender for the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) even though the defendants are neither affiliated with the SBA nor are they an SBA-authorized lender. The FTC alleges in its complaint that the defendants made deceptive statements on their websites, such as “WE ARE A DIRECT LENDER FOR THE PPP PROGRAM,” and directly contacted small businesses claiming to be representing the SBA in order to solicit loan applications on behalf of the businesses’ banks. The FTC states that the defendants have received hundreds, if not thousands, of loan applications from businesses and continue to claim they can make PPP loans despite receiving a cease-and-desist letter earlier this month from the SBA. The FTC seeks injunctive relief to prevent the defendants from continuing to engage in the unlawful acts and practices, as well as “rescission or reformation of contracts, restitution, the refund of monies paid, disgorgement of ill-gotten monies, and other equitable relief” that the court deems necessary to redress any consumer harm, and an award of the costs for bringing the action.
SBA provides additional guidance on PPP loans for self-employed, independent contractors
On April 14, the Small Business Administration (SBA) released an interim final rule to supplement the first Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Interim Final Rule issued April 2 (covered by InfoBytes here). This interim final rule provides additional guidance for filers of IRS Form 1040 Schedule C (individuals with self-employment income), information concerning eligibility issues for certain business concerns, and requirements for certain pledges of PPP loans. Specifically, self-employed individuals who filed Schedule C—such as independent contractors or sole proprietors in operation on February 15, 2020—are eligible for PPP loans, provided they meet specific criteria. The interim final rule provides instructions for calculating maximum loan amounts and states that self-employed loan recipients may use the proceeds for, among other things, owner compensation replacement, mortgage interest payments, and interest payments on debt obligations incurred prior to February 15, 2020. Details and clarification on restrictions, PPP loan forgiveness eligibility, and the types of permitted eligible businesses are also included.
The interim final rule takes effect upon publication in the Federal Register and applies to PPP applications submitted through June 30, 2020, or until funds designated for this purpose are exhausted. The SBA will also accept comments on the interim final rule for 30 days following publication.