InfoBytes Blog
Filter
Subscribe to our InfoBytes Blog weekly newsletter and other publications for news affecting the financial services industry.
Former Mining Company Management Group Consultant Sentenced to Two Years in Prison
On May 31, the son of a former Prime Minister of Gabon, a former consultant to a joint venture between a mining company management group and an entity incorporated in the Turks and Caicos, was sentenced to two years in prison for conspiring to violate the FCPA by bribing government officials in several African countries.
As previously reported here, the former consultant previously pleaded guilty to allegations related to payments of approximately $3 million to high-level government officials in Niger, in addition to providing luxury cars, in order to obtain uranium mining concessions. Similarly, the DOJ charged him with bribing a high-ranking government official in Chad with luxury foreign travel to obtain a uranium mining concession there, and with bribing government officials in Guinea with cash, the use of private jets, and a luxury car in order to obtain confidential government information. Prior Scorecard coverage regarding the mining company management group is here.
California-Based Financial Institution Reaches Agreement with DOJ, Forfeits More Than $97 Million for Bank Secrecy Act Violations
On May 22, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that a California-based financial institution and its parent company have agreed to forfeit over $97 million to resolve an investigation into alleged Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) violations. The May 18 agreement between the Bank and the DOJ included a Statement of Facts in which the Bank admitted to criminal violations for willfully failing to maintain an effective anti-money laundering compliance program with appropriate policies, procedures, and controls to guard against money laundering, as well as willfully failing to file suspicious activity reports (SARs). It further admitted that from at least 2007 until at least 2012, it processed more than 30 million remittance transactions to Mexico with a total value of more than $8.8 billion, but, while its monitoring system issued more than 18,000 alerts involving more than $142 million in potentially suspicious remittance transactions, it conducted fewer than 10 investigations and filed only nine SARs. Notably, the nine SARs covered only 700 transactions totaling overall approximately $341,307. Furthermore, the financial institution recognized that over the same time period it needed to improve its monitoring of its money services businesses’ (MSBs) remittances but failed to provide appropriate staffing and resources, which led to its BSA department being unable to “conduct appropriate transaction monitoring.” This resulted in a failure to file SARs on suspicious remittance transactions. Although the financial institution recognized the need to enhance its monitoring process as early as 2004, it continued to expand its MSB business without adding staffing resources and failed to make necessary improvements to its transaction monitoring controls.
However, the DOJ stated its decision to enter into a non-prosecution agreement with the financial institution was based on evidence of extensive remedial actions. According to the DOJ’s press release, the financial institution devoted significant resources to remediation of its BSA and anti-money laundering (AML) deficiencies, exited its MSB business entirely, and ultimately ceased all banking operations. It was further credited for its cooperation with the DOJ’s criminal investigation by: (i) providing factual presentations; (ii) voluntarily making available foreign-based employees for interviews in the U.S.; (iii) producing foreign documents without implicating foreign data privacy laws; and (iv) collecting, analyzing, and organizing voluminous evidence and information for the DOJ. Under the terms of the agreement, the financial institution and its parent company have agreed to fully cooperate in this and any future DOJ investigations relating to violations of the BSA and AML statutes, as well as report, for a period of one year, any evidence or allegations of such violations. The parent company has also agreed to report to the DOJ “regarding [the] implementation of compliance measures to improve oversight of its subsidiaries’ BSA compliance.”
SFO Charges Additional Individual Defendant in Connection with German-Based Company North Sea Investigation
The United Kingdom’s Serious Fraud Office (SFO) has reportedly charged the former chief commercial officer of a German-based company with two counts of conspiracy to make corrupt payments to assist the company with attaining or retaining contracts for freight forwarding services to the North Sea oil exploration project Jasmine. The former executive is the seventh individual charged, in addition to the company, with violations of section 1 of the UK Prevention of Corruption Act 1906 and section 1 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 for alleged conduct between January 2010 and May 2013 in connection with the Jasmine project.
The charges follow on the heels of separate corruption charges against the company and other individuals related to an Angolan project. Last July, the SFO charged the company and seven individuals with violation of section 1 of the Prevention of Corruption Act 1906 and section 1 of the Criminal Law Act 1977 through conspiring to make corrupt payments between January 2005 and December 2006 to an agent of the Angolan state oil company, Sonangol, in order to facilitate the company’s freight forwarding business operations and contracts in Angola.
U.S. and Saudi Arabia Agree to Enhance Counter Terrorist Financing Capabilities
On May 21, the Treasury Department announced an agreement between the U.S. and Saudi Arabia to establish a Terrorist Financing Targeting Center as a collaborative effort between the two countries and several Persian Gulf nations, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The new center is intended to (i) enhance information-sharing regarding terrorist financial networks; (ii) coordinate action on sanctions; and (iii) facilitate technical assistance for participating countries that need support developing their counter terrorist programs and provide best practices guidance “in line with Financial Action Task Force standards.” The participants intend to implement the outlined activities immediately.
OFAC Updates: New Sanction Designations and Additions to Specially Designated Nationals List
In May, OFAC announced implementation of sanctions against several entities and individuals designated for, among others, materially assisting, sponsoring, or providing financial support to certain foreign entities. In addition, OFAC updated its list of Specially Designated Nationals.
Pakistan-Based ISIS Financial Facilitators. On May 11, OFAC imposed sanctions against three Pakistani individuals and one entity for their roles in assisting ISIS’s financial networks and their “connections with terrorist groups that are a direct threat to the security of both the [U.S.] and Pakistan.” The designations block the individuals and entity—each of whom has been designated as providing the identified networks with material and financial support—from participating in the global financial system, and further state that “all property and interests in property . . . subject to U.S. jurisdiction are blocked, and U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with” those listed.
Syrian Government Supporters. On May 16, OFAC announced it was taking action against five individuals and five entities in response to the Syrian Government’s continued acts of violence committed against its own citizens. The sanctions came as a reaction to three Executive Orders: (i) E.O. 13572—targeting persons responsible for human rights abuses in Syria, their supporters, and supporters of senior officials or certain activities related to public corruption; (ii) E.O. 13582—targeting the Government of Syria and its supporters; and (iii) E.O. 13382—targeting proliferators of weapons of mass destruction and their supporters. The new sanctions prohibit transactions by U.S. persons with those listed and “any property or interest in property of the identified persons in the possession or control of U.S. persons or within the United States must be blocked.”
Yemen-Based Financial Facilitators and Arms Trafficker. On May 19, OFAC imposed sanctions against two Yemen-based financial facilitators for their roles in assisting al-Qa’ida leaders in the Arabian Peninsula. The designations block the individuals, both of whom were designated as engaging in actions through weapon trafficking, from the global financial system, and further state that “all property and interests in property . . . subject to U.S. jurisdiction are blocked, and U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with” the identified individuals.
Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Sanctions. On May 19, OFAC made additions to the Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list, which designates individuals and companies who are prohibited from dealing with the U.S. and whose assets are blocked. Transactions are prohibited if they involve transferring, paying, exporting, or otherwise dealing in the property or interest in property of an entity or individual on the SDN list. Additions to the list were made under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Sanctions Regulations against two two Peruvian individuals and three Peruvian entities.
DOJ Issues Strict Charging and Sentencing Policy for All Federal Crimes
On May 10, 2017, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a memorandum ordering all federal prosecutors, in all criminal cases, to “charge and pursue the most serious, readily provable offense,” and to “disclose to the sentencing court all facts that impact the sentencing guidelines or mandatory minimum sentences.” The new policy – which immediately rescinds Obama-era leniency policies – is likely primarily aimed at drug-related cases, but it will impact white collar and FCPA cases as well. For instance, under the policy, prosecutors may charge more defendants with money laundering or wire fraud in addition to FCPA violations, taking into account the FCPA’s relatively low five-year maximum sentences. Prosecutors seeking an exception must secure supervisory approval and document their reasoning in the case file, which may complicate plea deals. In a May 12 speech, Sessions said of the new policy: “Charging and sentencing recommendations are bedrock responsibilities of any prosecutor. And I trust our prosecutors in the field to make good judgments. They deserve to be unhandcuffed and not micro-managed from Washington.”
FinCEN Recognizes Law Enforcement Agencies for Use of BSA Reporting
On May 9, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) announced its third annual Law Enforcement Awards to law enforcement agencies that use Bank Secrecy Act data provided by financial institutions in their criminal investigations. The program seeks to recognize law enforcement agencies that made effective use of financial institution reporting to obtain a successful prosecution, and to demonstrate to the financial industry the value of its reporting to law enforcement. The following agencies were recognized:
- Suspicious Activity Report Review Task Force Category—New York State Police. Based on a financial institution reporting an unusual pattern of cash deposits, the New York State Police Special Investigations Unit identified suspicious transactions occurring in the Hudson Valley Region indicative of money laundering. The investigations led to the identification of expansive criminal organizations responsible for bringing large quantities of narcotics into the region, operating business fronts used for money laundering, and extensive gang activity.
- Transnational Organized Crime/Third Party Money Launderers Category—FBI. After receiving a referral from local law enforcement regarding an individual suspected of carrying out various fraud and money laundering schemes, the FBI conducted an investigation, and its review of sensitive financial information resulted in investigators uncovering a network of criminal actors located in the U.S. and Canada, which was bringing in $100-$300 million in annual criminal proceeds in North America alone.
- Transnational Security Threats Category—FBI. The FBI used a high volume of sensitive financial information obtained in connection with its investigation into a criminal organization moving hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars to support foreign nuclear and ballistic missile programs, to identify two families that operated a network of exchange houses, precious metals companies, trading companies, and front companies throughout the Middle East to carry out financial activity for the benefit of multiple OFAC-sanctioned entities, as well as several entities with close ties to foreign military organizations.
- Cyber Threats Category—Internal Revenue Service-Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI). A multi-year, multi-agency investigation led by IRS-CI focused on several targets selling narcotics on the dark web and distributing them throughout the U.S. The investigation identified sensitive financial information, which enabled investigators to corroborate the financial and personal information of the targets. The data also indicated that the subjects used Bitcoins in an effort to conceal their illicit proceeds. The information identified in the financial data and from subpoenas issued to numerous financial institutions and Bitcoin exchangers helped clarify the series of transactions conducted to launder the funds.
- Significant Fraud Category—Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS). DCIS initiated a long-term investigation based on structuring and excessive credit card charges identified by multiple financial institutions on a single individual. Investigators determined that one of the subjects was transferring funds to a shell company owned by a U.S. military official. A detailed analysis of sensitive financial information and contract documents revealed that the U.S. military official had received bribes from the primary target in exchange for helping the primary target win military contracts in Afghanistan.
- Third-Party Money Launderers Category—Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations (HSI). HSI investigators utilized an extensive volume of sensitive financial information to assist in their investigation into a large-scale illegal third-party money laundering organization. The investigation began based largely on information gleaned from a FinCEN-issued Geographic Targeting Order (GTO). The GTO information used by investigators allowed them to identify an “armored car company, which was importing U.S. dollars and Mexican pesos from casas de cambio in Mexico and depositing them into shell company bank accounts that were opened and operated by the two individuals who owned and operated the company.”
Ukrainian Billionaire Files Motion to Dismiss Indictment
A Ukrainian billionaire indicted in 2013 for his alleged role in a conspiracy to bribe government officials in India to permit the mining of titanium minerals filed a motion to dismiss the indictment on May 9 in a federal district court in Illinois. The billionaire also faces money laundering and RICO charges along with five alleged coconspirators. In 2015, an Austrian court denied the United States’ extradition request, but that decision was eventually reversed and the billionaire was extradited earlier this year. See previous Scorecard coverage here.
The billionaire’s motion to dismiss focuses on the lack of jurisdictional contact between the charged conduct and the United States. It vigorously challenges the jurisdictional basis alleged in the indictment, which was that the billionaire’s coconspirators, but not the billionaire himself, transferred money through United States correspondent banks, traveled to the United states, and used email accounts and cellular phones hosted on servers in the United States. However, the billionaire claims that the indictment fails to allege that any of these contacts have any connection to the alleged bribery scheme and that he never entered the United States in connection with the charged conduct, and never made or received any phone calls or sent or received any emails regarding the allegations in the indictment.
The amount and quality of contacts with the United States required to support jurisdiction under the FCPA is a frequently contested issue. The United States has repeatedly taken the position that jurisdiction is proper even where the wrongful conduct took place outside the United States and did not involve any United States companies or citizens, so long as there was some contact with the United States. For example, in the recent Hungarian telecommunications company cases, emails sent through servers hosted in the United States were held to be sufficient to support jurisdiction. See previous Scorecard coverage here. The outcome of the billionaire’s motion to dismiss will shed further light on the jurisdictional standard.
Reports: American Multinational Retailing Corporation Nearing Resolution of Bribery Probe
Bloomberg reports that an American multinational retailing corporation is nearing a resolution of a five-year old joint inquiry by the DOJ and SEC. Citing an unnamed source familiar with the matter, Bloomberg reports that the company is preparing to pay $300 million to settle allegations that company employees paid bribes in Mexico, China, and India. The same source reported that the resolution will also include at least one guilty plea by a subsidiary of the company, a non-prosecution agreement for the parent company, and a monitorship.
In March of 2015, a federal district court in Arkansas dismissed with prejudice a consolidated shareholder derivative suit accusing the company's board of directors of concealing Mexican bribery claims from investors. The lawsuit was filed after a 2012 article by the New York Times reported that top officials at the company’s Mexican subsidiary oversaw millions of dollars in bribes in connection with the company’s expansion in Mexico. See previous Scorecard coverage here. The same article is believed to have touched off the DOJ’s and SEC’s inquiry. If true, a $300 million resolution would not be near the top end of FCPA resolutions.
Federal Regulators Enter Settlement Agreement with Former Chief Compliance Officer Following AML Program Investigation
On May 4, FinCEN and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York announced a $250,000 settlement with the former chief compliance officer of an international money transfer company over allegations that he failed to report suspicious activity and knowingly participated in the company’s failure to maintain an effective anti-money laundering program. The settlement resolves a lawsuit filed in December of 2014 against the defendant, in which the district court dismissed the defendant’s motion to dismiss, ruling that the Bank Secrecy Act’s (BSA) general civil penalty provision, § 5321(a)(1), could subject a partner, director, officer, or employee of a financial institution to civil penalties for violations of any provision of the BSA or its regulations, excluding the specifically excepted provisions, and that because § 5318(h) was not listed as one of those exceptions, “the plain language of the statute provides that a civil penalty may be imposed on corporate officers and employees like [the defendant], who was responsible for designing and overseeing [the company's] AML program.” U.S. Dep’t of Treasury v. Haider, No. 15-cv-01518, WL 107940 (Dist. Ct. Minn. Jan. 8, 2016). (See previous InfoBytes summary.) In the stipulation and order of settlement and dismissal, the defendant (i) accepted responsibility for failing to further investigate consumer fraud reports; (ii) is required to pay $250,000 to the Department of the Treasury; and (iii) is banned for three years from performing compliance functions for other U.S.-based money transmitters. Notably, in February 2016, the money transfer company agreed to pay $13 million to settle claims from 49 states and the District of Columbia over charges that it transferred money to third parties that were defrauding customers. As part of the company’s settlement, it was required to ensure its agents attend mandatory compliance training, enhance its comprehensive anti-fraud compliance program, and implement a hotline system for employees to report noncompliance.