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OCC seeks information on climate risk in banking and finance
On December 3, the OCC announced it is soliciting academic-focused papers and policy-focused research on climate risk in banking and finance for presentation to the OCC on June 6-7, 2022. The meeting will provide a platform for interested academic, regulatory, and other experts to meet and share research on the interactions of climate change and the financial system. The information gathered “will inform the OCC’s approach to developing climate-related financial risk management guidance for regulated institutions.” Areas of interest include: (i) physical risks directly arising from climate change; (ii) transition risks from climate policies, technological innovation, consumer sentiment, or investor sentiment; and (iii) differential community impact, among others.
FinCEN issues environmental crimes notice
On November 18, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued a notice calling attention to the increase of environmental crimes and associated illicit financial activity. FinCEN emphasized that this trend is due to: (i) its strong association with corruption and transnational criminal organizations, two of FinCEN’s national anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism priorities; (ii) a need to enhance reporting and analysis of related illicit financial flows; and (iii) environmental crimes’ contribution to the climate crisis, including threatening ecosystems, decreasing biodiversity, and increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The notice also provided financial institutions with specific suspicious activity report filing instructions and outlined the likelihood of illicit financial activity associated with several types of environmental crimes.
NYDFS issues final guidance for insurers on climate change financial risks
On November 15, NYDFS issued final guidance to New York regulated-domestic insurers on managing climate change-related financial risks. The final guidance reflects the agency’s consideration of stakeholder comments from proposed guidance issued in March, and was informed by NYDFS’s collaboration with the insurance industry and international regulators. Building on a 2020 insurance circular letter addressing climate change and financial risks, the final guidance outlines expectations that insurers begin “integrating the consideration of the financial risks from climate change into their governance frameworks, business strategies, risk management processes and scenario analysis, and developing their approach to climate-related financial disclosure.” Specifically, an insurer should (i) incorporate into its governance structure, at either “the group or insurer entity level,” climate-risk considerations; (ii) consider current and forward-looking climate-related implications on its operations through “time horizons” appropriately tailored to the insurer’s activities and decisions; (iii) incorporate in its current financial risk management framework analyses of the effect of climate risks on existing risk factors; (iv) employ scenario analysis to inform business strategy decisions, risk assessments, and identification; and (v) disclose its climate risks and engage with NYDFS’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures when developing climate disclosure approaches. NYDFS will monitor insurers’ progress in implementing these expectations with respect to organizational structures, which insurers must have in place by August 15, 2022. The NYDFS noted it will provide further guidance on timing for implementing “the more complex expectations outlined in the guidance.”
OCC urges bank boards to promote climate risk management
On November 8, acting Comptroller of the Currency Michael J. Hsu discussed climate change risk at the OCC headquarters, highlighting areas for large bank boards of directors to consider when promoting and accelerating improvements in climate risk management practices. According to Hsu, bank boards play a “pivotal role” in actions against climate change, which poses significant risks to the financial system. Hsu compared credit risk management and climate risk management, stating that “strong credit risk management capabilities can provide the assurance and confidence needed for a bank to make risky credit decisions prudently, strong climate risk management capabilities can enable the same prudent risk taking with regards to climate-related business opportunities.” Additionally, Hsu noted that, by the end of this year, the OCC will issue a high-level framework guidance for large banks regarding climate risk management. Hsu also outlined several areas for board members to consider, including evaluating an institution’s overall exposure to climate change, estimating the exposure to a carbon tax, and assessing an institution’s most acute vulnerabilities to climate change events. Hsu stated that “now is the time” to identify and understand vulnerabilities impacting continuity and disaster recovery planning.
NYDFS creates Climate Risk Division
On November 3, NYDFS announced the creation of the Climate Risk Division and the appointment of Dr. Yue (Nina) Chen as its Executive Deputy Superintendent and the inaugural NYDFS Director of Sustainability and Climate Initiatives. According to the announcement, the Climate Risk Division will, among other things: (i) include climate risks in its regulated entities supervision; (ii) support industry growth regarding climate risk management; (iii) coordinate with international, national, and state regulators; (iv) develop internal capacity regarding climate-related financial risks and support the capacity-building of peer regulators; and (v) ensure access to financial services is fair for all communities.
OCC, Fed, and Treasury issue statements on climate change
On November 3, the OCC, the Federal Reserve, and the U.S. Treasury Department released statements expressing support for the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) Glasgow Declaration. OCC acting Comptroller Michael J. Hsu noted in a statement that the OCC is developing “high-level climate risk management supervisory expectations for large banks” and expects to issue the framework guidance for comment “by the end of the year.” Hsu also noted that the OCC will implement recommendations of the FSOC Climate Change Report, which was released in response to President Biden’s May executive order, and directed financial regulators to take steps to mitigate climate-related risk related to the financial system (covered by InfoBytes here). In a statement by Treasury Secretary Yellen, she discussed the importance of tackling climate change, stating that it is “the greatest economic opportunity of our time,” and noted the U.S. is “calling on the multilateral development banks to increase their efforts.” The Fed noted in a statement that it is committed to understanding and addressing climate change and, furthermore, “will address climate-related risks in an analytically rigorous, transparent, and collaborative way through our domestic work with other federal agencies including the Financial Stability Oversight Council; our international engagement through the Financial Stability Board, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, and the NGFS; and through our broad and transparent engagement with the private sector.”
FSOC directs regulators to take measures to mitigate climate-related financial risks
On October 21, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) released a new report in response to President Biden’s May executive order, which directed financial regulators to take steps to mitigate climate-related risk related to the financial system. The Report on Climate-Related Financial Risk (see also FSOC’s fact sheet) identified more than 30 specific recommendations for member agencies, including that members should: (i) expand capacity and efforts “to define, identify, measure, monitor, assess, and report on climate-related financial risks and their effects on financial stability,” including through “investments in staffing, training, expertise, data, analytic and modeling methodologies, and monitoring”; (ii) promptly conduct an internal inventory of currently available data and develop plans for acquiring necessary additional data to fill climate-related data and methodological gaps; (iii) review existing public disclosure requirements and consider updating public reporting requirements in a way that would build on the work of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures; and (iv) continue to assess and mitigate climate-related risks to financial stability, including through scenario analysis, and evaluate whether revised or new regulations or guidance is necessary to clarify expectations for regulated or supervised institutions. The report also called for enhanced coordination across member agencies, and said a Climate-related Financial Risk Committee will be formed to “identify priority areas for assessing and mitigating climate-related risks to the financial system and serve as a coordinating body to share information, facilitate the development of common approaches and standards, and foster communication across FSOC members.” A Climate-related Financial Risk Advisory Committee will also be formed to help gather information and analysis from stakeholders on climate-related financial risks. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen warned that FSOC has a responsibility under the Dodd-Frank Act “to respond to emerging threats to the stability of the United States financial system” and to “ensure the resilience of the financial system to the future impacts of climate change.”
OCC releases bank supervision operating plan for FY 2022
On October 15, the OCC’s Committee on Bank Supervision released its bank supervision operating plan for fiscal year 2022. The plan outlines the agency’s supervision priorities and highlights several supervisory focus areas including: (i) strategic and operational planning; (ii) credit risk management, including allowances for loan and lease losses and credit losses; (iii) cybersecurity and operational resiliency; (iv) third-party oversight; (v) Bank Secrecy Act/anti-money laundering compliance; (vi) consumer compliance management systems and fair lending risk assessments; (vii) Community Reinvestment Act performance; (viii) LIBOR phase-out preparations; (ix) payment systems products and services; (x) fintech partnerships involving potential cryptocurrency-related activities and other services; and (xi) climate-change risk management. The plan will be used by OCC staff members to guide the development of supervisory strategies for individual national banks, federal savings associations, federal branches, federal agencies, and technology service providers.
The OCC will provide updates about these priorities in its Semiannual Risk Perspective, as InfoBytes has previously covered.
Biden outlines actions to mitigate climate-related financial risks
On October 15, the Biden administration issued a Fact Sheet outlining actions for building economic resilience to the impact of climate change. Among other things, the Fact Sheet is a “comprehensive, government-wide strategy to measure, disclose, manage and mitigate the systemic risks climate change poses to American families, businesses, and the economy,” and expands upon recent actions taken by the administration. The administration’s “whole-of-government strategy” discusses six pillars to achieve the goals outlined in Biden’s May 2021 Executive Order on Climate-Related Financial Risks (covered by InfoBytes here). One of the pillars—promoting the resilience of the U.S. financial system to climate-related financial risks—refers to recently issued SEC guidance stating that companies may be required to include information concerning climate-change risks and opportunities in “disclosures related to a company’s description of business, legal proceedings, risk factors, and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations.” (Covered by InfoBytes here.) The other five pillars are: (i) protecting life savings and pensions from climate-related financial risk; (ii) using federal procurement to address climate-related financial risk; (iii) incorporating climate-related financial risk into federal financial management and budgeting; (iv) incorporating climate-related financial risk into federal lending and underwriting; and (v) building resilient infrastructure and communities.
NYDFS requires flood insurance and diversity and inclusion training for insurance producers and public adjusters
On October 13, NYDFS announced that property/casualty insurance producers are required to take continuing education in flood insurance and diversity and inclusion. NYDFS is the first state regulator to mandate such requirements, which have been added to the state’s insurance regulations. “Requiring education on flood insurance and diversity and inclusion is not only timely, it is in the best interest of consumers,” acting Superintendent Adrienne A. Harris said. In addition, property/casualty insurance producers who sell flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) will be required to comply with the continuing education requirement, which according to the NYDFS announcement, is intended to ensure consumers receive accurate NFIP quotes and are not accidentally underinsured for flood damage. The requirement will assist “producers and adjusters to better service a diverse population of consumers and be culturally sensitive and aware when interacting with consumers and members of the public,” NYDFS stated.