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Cordray and Curry Address AGs Regarding Enforcement Initiatives
On February 26, CFPB Director Richard Cordray and Comptroller of the Currency Tom Curry addressed the National Association of Attorneys General. Mr. Cordray’s remarks were largely duplicative of those given a week earlier to the CFPB Consumer Advisory Board, and again identified several “problems” observed by the CFPB. Those problems were (i) deceptive and misleading marketing of consumer financial products and services, (ii) “debt traps” that trigger a cycle of debt, such as short-term credit products, (iii) “dead ends” in markets such as debt collection, loan servicing, and credit reporting where consumers cannot choose their provider and lack typical market influences, and (iv) discrimination. With regard to short-term loans, Mr. Cordray identified as an enforcement challenge lenders that lack a physical presence, and acknowledged ongoing efforts by the CFPB to address “loans that involve off-shore or other jurisdictional issues.” In his remarks, Mr. Curry first stressed the similar objectives of, and close working relationship among, the OCC, the CFPB, and the attorneys general. He then spent the majority of his remarks explaining why most OCC enforcement actions are resolved by settlement, adding that the first enforcement goal of the OCC as a “prudential bank supervisor” is remediation. Mr. Curry also responded to criticisms that OCC enforcement actions are “insufficiently severe,” and noted that the OCC is prepared to litigate if an institution refuses to consent.
CFPB Director Cordray Outlines CFPB Agenda
On February 20, in remarks during the public portion of the CFPB’s Consumer Advisory Board meeting, CFPB Director Richard Cordray identified four “classes of problems” the CFPB will seek to address in the future. Mr. Cordray stated that the CFPB will focus on (i) deceptive and misleading marketing of consumer financial products and services; (ii) financial products that trigger a cycle of debt; (iii) certain markets – such as debt collection, loan servicing, and credit reporting – where consumers are unable to choose their provider; and (iv) discrimination. While the CFPB has already taken a number of enforcement actions to address the first set of problems, Mr. Cordray noted that with respect to the second class of problems the CFPB is still assessing how to deploy its various tools to best protect consumers while preserving access to responsible credit. Mr. Cordray also noted that loan servicing practices remain a concern, and again drew parallels between the mortgage servicing market and the student loan servicing market, noting that the CFPB is looking to take steps that may address the same kinds of problems faced by student loan borrowers. With respect to discrimination, Mr. Cordray argued that African-Americans and Hispanics have unequal access to responsible credit and pay more for mortgages and auto loans, and reiterated the CFPB’s commitment to utilizing the disparate impact theory of discrimination when pursuing enforcement actions.
CFPB Seeks Information To Support Potential Student Loan Policies
On February 21, the CFPB Student Loan Ombudsman issued a notice and request for information regarding policy options to “increase the availability of affordable payment plans for borrowers with existing private student loans.” The Ombudsman poses 16 questions related to student loan servicing and the broader impact of borrower hardship on other industries, including questions regarding: (i) scope of borrower hardship, (ii) current options for borrowers with hardship, (iii) modification programs for other types of debt, (iv) servicing infrastructure, (v) consumer reporting and credit scoring, (vi) lender participation, (vii) borrower awareness, and (viii) spillover impacts, including impacts on the auto market. The notice, which is based on recommendations contained in the Ombudsman’s October 2012 annual report and an Office of Financial Research report identifying student loan debt as a risk—though not systemic—to the broader economy, clarifies that the CFPB is not seeking feedback on changes to the treatment of private student loans in bankruptcy. Responses to the CFPB request are due April 8, 2013.
CSBS and AARMR Comment on CFPB Mortgage Servicing Transfer Bulletin
On February 20, the Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) and the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators (AARMR) issued a statement commending the CFPB for its recent guidance regarding mortgage servicing transfers. The statement explains that state regulators, who generally have jurisdiction over state member and non-member banks and non-depository institutions, similarly have identified potential for consumer harm when loans are transferred during the loss mitigation process. CSBS and AARMR strongly encourage state-supervised servicers to familiarize themselves with applicable state requirements, the various federal laws, and the CFPB guidance, and stated that they plan to update state uniform servicing examination procedures through appropriate Multistate Mortgage Committee processes to account for the new CFPB Guidance.
Democratic Senators Urge Further Action on Credit Reporting
On February 15, Senate Banking Committee members Mark Warner (D-VA) and Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) sent a letter to the CFPB and the FTC following up on the agencies’ recent reports regarding the consumer reporting market. The Senators ask for the agencies’ help in “tak[ing] further action to improve consumer credit reporting,” and request that they prepare a separate report on whether the current legal framework for the regulation of credit reporting is sufficient or whether additional legislation may be needed.
Senate Democrats Complete Battle Lines over CFPB Nomination
On February 14, 54 of the 55 Senators in the Democratic caucus joined a letter to President Obama supporting the nomination of Richard Cordray to lead the CFPB and expressing opposition to "efforts to weaken the CFPB through structural changes." The letter responds to a recent letter to the President from Senate Republicans reiterating their opposition to confirming any nominee as CFPB Director until the structure of the agency is changed. In responding, the Democratic Senators state that never before has a President's nominee to lead an agency been obstructed on such a basis, and point out that a supermajority of the Senate approved the structure as it exists today.
FTC Recaps Debt Collection Activities for Annual CFPB Report
On February 1, the FTC sent a letter to the CFPB describing the FTC's debt collection-related activities over the past year. The responsibility to report to Congress each year on implementation and enforcement of the FDCPA shifted from the FTC to the CFPB last year, but given their shared authority with regard to the FDCPA, the CFPB relies on the FTC to provide information for inclusion in its annual report. The FTC letter recaps the agency's law enforcement efforts, including the filing or resolution of four actions against collectors alleged to have engaged in deceptive, unfair, or abusive conduct and the filing or resolution of three actions related to phantom debt collection. The letter also highlights outreach and policy activities, including the FTC's recent debt buyer study.
Defendants in CFPB Enforcement Action Renew Challenge to Validity of Director's Appointment
On February 11, a law firm and related parties sued by the CFPB for allegedly deceiving consumers through a network of mortgage loan modification businesses filed a brief in which they renewed a challenge to the CFPB Director's appointment. Opp. to Receiver's Request for Payment, CFPB v. Chance Edward Gordon, No. 12-6147 (C.D. Cal., filed Feb. 11, 2013). The defendants cite a recent opinion from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit that held appointments to the National Labor Relations Board made by President Obama in January 2012 during a purported Senate recess were unconstitutional, and argue that CFPB Director Cordray was appointed on the same day, and in the same manner found to be constitutionally invalid by the D.C. Circuit Court. The defendants stated in their motion that they have propounded Requests for Admissions regarding the date and nature of Mr. Cordray's appointment, and likely will follow with a motion for summary judgment.
Additional State AGs Join Challenge to Dodd-Frank Act Provisions
On February 13, the plaintiffs in a case challenging portions of the Dodd-Frank Act sought leave to file a second amended complaint to add as plaintiffs the state attorneys general (AGs) of Alabama, Georgia, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Ohio, Texas, and West Virginia. Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Complaint, State Nat'l Bank of Big Spring v. Wolin, No 12-1032 (D.D.C., filed Feb. 13, 2013). The new state AGs join the AGs of Michigan, Oklahoma, and South Carolina, who previously joined the suit and claim that the "orderly liquidation authority" (OLA) for financial institutions provided to the Treasury Secretary by the Dodd-Frank Act violates the separation of powers doctrine, as well as the Fifth Amendment's bar against the taking of property without due process. The case also involves private party plaintiffs who, in addition to challenging the OLA, challenge as unconstitutional (i) the formation and operation of the CFPB, (ii) the appointment of CFPB Director Richard Cordray, and (iii) the operation of the Financial Stability Oversight Council. The plaintiffs were due to respond to a pending government motion to dismiss, but asked the court to stay briefing on that motion pending resolution of the motion to file a second amended complaint.
CFPB Schedules Consumer Advisory Board Meeting
On February 12, the CFPB announced that its Consumer Advisory Board will meet on February 20, 2013 in Washington, DC. The portion of the event open to the public will feature remarks from Director Cordray, Associate Director Zixta Martinez, and Consumer Advisory Board Chairman Jose Quinonez. The balance of the event is private, and the agenda includes (i) a presentation by the CFPB's Supervision Office, (ii) breakout sessions with various CFPB offices, including the Office of Fair Lending, and (iii) a review of recently issued mortgage rules and implementation plans. Members of the public that would like to attend the portion of the event open to the public must RSVP.