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Fired General Counsel Wins $10.9 Million in FCPA Whistleblower-Retaliation Case
On February 6, 2017, a federal jury in San Francisco awarded the former general counsel of a life sciences company $10.9 million in a landmark FCPA whistleblower-retaliation case brought under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), the Dodd-Frank Act, and California state law. After three hours of deliberation, the jury found that the company’s former general counsel of nearly 25 years, was fired for reporting suspected FCPA violations to the company’s audit committee in February 2013, a protected activity under SOX’s anti-retaliation provisions. Although the former general counsel did not report his concerns to the SEC, the court held in 2015 that internal whistleblowing under SOX was also protected by the Dodd-Frank Act’s anti-retaliation provisions, opening the door to Dodd-Frank’s double back-pay remedy. The company’s last-minute motion to block purported attorney-client privileged information from trial –“virtually all of the evidence and testimony Plaintiff might rely upon to prove his case” – was denied by the court in December 2016.
The jury ultimately awarded the former general counsel $2.96 million in back-pay – to be doubled under Dodd-Frank – plus $5 million in punitive damages. As detailed in a previous FCPA Scorecard post, the company paid $55 million in November 2014 to settle DOJ and SEC allegations that the company violated the FCPA in Russia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The former general counsel’s report to the audit committee had involved separate allegations that the company violated the FCPA in China.
OFAC Sanctions More than Two Dozen Firms and Individuals in Connection with Iran's Ballistic Missile Program
On February 3, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced that it was imposing new sanctions against several entities and individuals involved in procuring technology and/or materials to support Iran’s ballistic missile program, as well as for acting for or on behalf of, or providing support to, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods Force. The sanctions block “all property and interests in property of those designated today subject to U.S. jurisdiction are blocked, U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with” the identified firms and individuals.
Global Money Services Business Reaches Settlements with 49 States and the District of Columbia
On January 31, state attorneys general from 49 states and the District of Columbia announced a $5 million settlement with a global money services business that resolves investigations into allegations that scammers used the company’s wire transfer services to defraud consumers over a period of 9 years. The company agreed to implement an anti-fraud program as part of the settlement, with the settlement funds paying for the states’ costs and fees. As discussed previously on InfoBytes, the company recently entered a $586 million settlement with the DOJ in connection with similar AML-related claims, which will be used for refunds to the victims of fraud-induced wire transfers.
Global Money Service Business Settles Alleged AML and Consumer Fraud Allegations; Fined $586 Million in Settlement
On January 19, the DOJ announced that it had entered into Deferred Prosecution Agreement with a global money services business regarding allegations the company failed to maintain effective anti-money laundering program and aiding and abetting wire fraud. The announcement claims that between 2004 and 2012, the company “violated U.S. laws—the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and anti-fraud statutes—by processing hundreds of thousands of transactions for Western Union agents and others involved in an international consumer fraud scheme.” Under the terms of the Agreement, the business must forfeit $586 million and “implement and maintain a comprehensive anti-fraud program with training for its agents and their front line associates, monitoring to detect and prevent fraud-induced money transfers, due diligence on all new and renewing company agents, and suspension or termination of noncompliant agents.”
In a related case, the company also agreed to a consent order with the FTC to resolve parallel allegations by the FTC in a complaint filed on January 19 in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. The complaint alleges that the company’s conduct violated Section 5 of the FTC Act and the Telemarketing Sales Rule.
FinCEN Issues Advisory Regarding FATF-Identified Jurisdictions with AML/CFT Deficiencies
As part of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network’s (FinCEN’s) Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF’s) listing and monitoring process to ensure compliance with its international Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) standards, the FATF identifies certain jurisdictions as having “strategic deficiencies” in their AML/CFT regimes. The identified jurisdictions are listed in either of two documents: (i) the “FATF Public Statement”—which includes jurisdictions that are subject to the FATF’s call for countermeasures or are subject to Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD) due to their AML/CFT deficiencies, and (ii) “Improving Global AML/CFT Compliance: on-going process 21 October 2016”—which includes jurisdictions identified by the FATF to have AML/CFT deficiencies.
On January 19, FinCEN released an advisory updating the list of jurisdictions in which any such “strategic deficiencies” have been identified. FinCen urged financial institutions to consider these lists, including any and all updates thereto when reviewing due diligence obligations and risk-based policies, procedures, and practices.
The jurisdictions identified in the FATF Public Statement included:
- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and
- Iran.
The jurisdictions identified in Improving Global AML/CFT Compliance included:
- Afghanistan,
- Bosnia and Herzegovina,
- Iraq,
- Lao PDR,
- Syria,
- Uganda,
- Vanuatu, and
- Yemen.
Notably, Guyana, which was previously listed, has been removed from the October 2016 list.
Two More Former Hedge Fund Company Executives Charged by SEC in Far-Reaching Bribery Scheme
On January 26, the SEC charged two more former executives at an American hedge fund company with being the “driving forces” behind a massive bribery scheme across Africa that violated the FCPA. The civil complaint, which was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, alleges that the former head of the company’s European office in London, and an investment executive on Africa-related deals, caused “[the company] to pay tens of millions of dollars in bribes to government officials on the continent of Africa.” Specific allegations include that they induced Libyan authorities to invest in the company’s managed funds, and directed illicit efforts to secure mining deals by bribing government officials in Libya, Chad, Niger, Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In announcing the complaint, Chief of the SEC’s FCPA Unit, said the defendants “were the masterminds of the company’s bribery scheme that improperly used investor funds to pay bribes through agents and partners to officials at the highest levels of foreign governments.” The complaint seeks disgorgement and civil monetary penalties among other remedies.
The complaint follows the company’s payment last September of $412 million to the DOJ and SEC to settle criminal and civil charges in one of the largest ever FCPA enforcement actions. Previous FCPA Scorecard coverage of the company’s settlement with the DOJ and SEC can be found here.
SEC Investigating Multi-level Marketing Corporation for FCPA Violations in China
On January 20, a Los Angeles-based maker of nutritional supplements and weight management products, disclosed in a Form 8-K filing that it is being investigated by the SEC in connection with the company’s activities in China. The company said it is also conducting its own review and “has discussed the SEC’s investigation and the company’s review with the Department of Justice.” It also said it is cooperating with the SEC but “cannot predict the eventual scope, duration, or outcome of the matter at this time.”
The announcement comes months after the company agreed last July to pay $200 million in consumer redress to settle Federal Trade Commission allegations that it operated a pyramid scheme and “deceived consumers into believing they could earn substantial money selling diet, nutritional supplement, and personal care products.” The FTC deal also required the company to “fundamentally restructure” its multi-level marketing operations and compensation structure.
American Casino and Resort Company Pays $7 Million Penalty to Resolve Criminal FCPA Charges
On January 17, Nevada-based gaming and resort company agreed to pay the DOJ nearly $7 million to resolve FCPA charges with a non-prosecution agreement (NPA) in connection with payments from 2006 to 2009 totaling almost $6 million to a business consultant to promote its brand in China and Macau. The company admitted that the payments were made “without any discernable legitimate business purpose,” that its executives had knowingly and willfully failed to implement adequate internal accounting controls to ensure that the payments were legitimate, and that it failed to prevent the false recording of those payments in its books and records, continued to make the payments even after warnings from its finance staff and an outside auditor, and terminated the finance department employee who raised those concerns.
The $7 million criminal penalty is a 25-percent discount from the bottom of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines fine range. In announcing the NPA, the DOJ credited the company for its full cooperation in the investigation, including conducting a thorough internal investigation and voluntarily providing evidence and information to the DOJ, and its extensive remedial measures, including expanding its compliance and audit programs and making significant personnel changes. The DOJ found particularly notable that the company no longer employs or is affiliated with any of the individuals implicated in the investigation and hired a new general counsel and new heads of its internal audit and compliance functions.
In an unusual move, the DOJ’s announcement comes several months after the company resolved similar FCPA claims with the SEC in related proceedings last April. There the SEC filed a cease and desist order against the company and the company agreed to pay a civil penalty of approximately $9 million. The SEC alleged that the company violated the FCPA’s internal controls and books and records provisions in connection with more than $62 million in payments to a consultant operating in China and Macau who did not properly document how the money was used. The company had consented to the SEC’s order without admitting or denying the charges. Previous FCPA Scorecard coverage of the company’s SEC settlement can be found here.
European Commission Publishes Draft ePrivacy Regulation
Commission announced the release of its Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Privacy and Electronic Communications (Proposed Regulation), which is set to repeal Directive 2002/58/EC (ePrivacy Directive). The Proposed Regulation as discussed previously on InfoBytesis intended to update the current rules to keep up with technical developments and adapting them to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Among other things, the Proposed Regulation will expand the scope of the ePrivacy rules to include internet-based voice and internet-messaging services, and to cover the content of communications, including metadata such as the time and location of a call. Furthermore, with regards to cookies, the Proposed Regulation does not require the consent of the user for non-privacy intrusive cookies, which either improve internet experience or measure the number of visitors to a specific website. The proposed Regulation also includes an opt-in requirement for telemarketing calls, unless national laws provide the recipient with a right to object. The Proposed Regulation also contains language extending the remedies currently provided under the GDPR. Once passed, the Proposed Regulation would become effective on May 25, 2018. Links to other related documents and information may be accessed through the following links:
OFAC Settles With Non-U.S. Company for Apparent Violation of Iran Sanctions
On January 12, Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) announced a $17,500 settlement agreement with Aban Offshoe Limited ("Aban") of Chennai, India, in connection with an alleged violation of Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations. The alleged violation arises out of events that occurred in June 2008, when Aban's Singapore subsidiary allegedly placed an order for oil rig supplies from a vendor in the United States with the intended purpose of re-exporting these supplies from the United Arab Emirates to a jack-up oil drilling rig located in the South Pars Gas Fields in Iranian territorial waters. OFAC noted, among other things, that the alleged violation constitutes a non-egregious case, but that Aban did not voluntarily self-disclose the apparent violation.