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OFAC sanctions Hizballah financiers in Guinea
On March 4, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control announced sanctions pursuant to Executive Order 13224, as amended, against two Hizballah-affiliated financial facilitators operating in Guinea. The action is intended to disrupt Hizballah’s business network in West Africa, which relies on bribes and other corrupt activity, OFAC stated, and is part of “Treasury’s ongoing efforts to target the terrorist group’s international commercial activities and its global network of financiers, supporters, donors, and facilitators, which enable Hizballah to persistently threaten the security, stability, and prosperity of Lebanon and other jurisdictions.” As a result of the sanctions, all transactions by U.S. persons or in the U.S. that involve any property or interests in property of the designated persons are prohibited. Additionally, “any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly 50 percent or more by them, individually, or with other blocked persons, that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons, must be blocked and reported to OFAC.” U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in any dealings involving the property or interests in property of blocked or designated persons, unless exempt or authorized by a general or specific OFAC license. OFAC further warned that the agency “can prohibit or impose strict conditions on the opening or maintaining in the United States of a correspondent account or a payable-through account of a foreign financial institution that knowingly conducted or facilitated any significant transaction on behalf of a [Specially Designated Global Terrorist.]”
FATF to strengthen beneficial ownership transparency
On March 4, the U.S. Treasury Department announced that the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) concluded its sixth plenary meeting, in which it, among other things, “agreed upon a revised standard to combat the misuse of anonymous shell companies and set the stage for its members and the broader global FATF network to be held accountable to more stringent standards.” FATF adopted amendments on beneficial ownership transparency for legal persons, which will “enhance the quality of beneficial ownership information (BOI) collected by governments,” and will “enable efficient access by law enforcement to this information and require improved international cooperation.” FATF also agreed upon a new updated Mutual Evaluation Methodology and an updated Mutual Evaluation Procedures. FATF will publish a report on migrant smuggling, which is intended to “raise awareness to the importance of developing a comprehensive understanding of the financial component of this criminal activity among both the public and private sectors.” Additionally, FATF is planning to launch a public consultation on updated Risk Based Guidance for the real estate sector this spring.
9th Circuit affirms dismissal of investors’ data breach disclosures suit
On March 2, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the dismissal of a class action suit for failure to state a claim, concluding that investors had failed to adequately allege that statements about the defendant company’s cybersecurity practices in the company’s 2018 Form 10-K amounted to securities fraud. The plaintiffs asserted that certain statements, including statements that the company maintained “a comprehensive security program,” “were misleading because they created the impression that [the company] implemented the data security best practices described in those statements no later than 2016, when in fact, the company did not implement those practices until later.” The plaintiffs argued that based on these statements, “a reasonable investor could have concluded that any data security improvements [the company] described would have been put in place in response to the two public hacks [the company] had experienced in the past, one in 2013 and one in 2016.” The 9th Circuit determined that the plaintiffs had failed to show that the company had misled investors into believing that it had made data security improvements specifically in response to the 2013 and 2016 data breaches and had “plead no facts supporting a reasonable inference that either of those hacks was a prominent enough milestone in company history that the average investor would be led to believe every data security improvement directly followed them.”
The plaintiffs further alleged that other statements in the 10-K were misleading because they “created the impression that it was unlikely [the company] had suffered an undetected data breach in the past, when in reality it was somewhat likely.” The appellate court rejected the plaintiffs’ argument and noted that “these statements would not give an ordinary investor reason to believe that [the company] was asserting that the risk that an undetected breach had occurred was particularly high or low, or that it had changed over time.” The 9th Circuit further agreed with the district court that the plaintiffs had failed to specifically allege that the company acted with the intent to deceive, manipulate, or defraud, or engage in “deliberate recklessness.”
FTC, DOJ reach $1.5 million settlement with weight-loss companies
On March 4, the FTC and DOJ announced a $1.5 million settlement with an international weight loss service organization and its subsidiary (collectively, “defendants”) accused of allegedly using unfair and deceptive practices to obtain personal information of underage users without parental consent. As previously covered by InfoBytes, the agencies claimed that the defendants violated the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and Section 5 of the FTC Act by collecting and keeping personal information from children under 13 without providing notice to or obtaining consent from their parents. The agencies’ settlement announcement stated that the defendants’ signup process originally “encouraged younger users to falsely claim they were over the age of 13, despite text indicating that children under 13 must sign up through a parent,” and that even after the signup process was revised, the defendants allegedly “failed to provide a mechanism to ensure that those who choose the parent signup option were indeed parents and not a child trying to bypass the age restriction.” Additionally, the defendants allegedly violated COPPA’s data retention provisions “by retaining children’s personal information indefinitely and only deleting it when requested by a parent.”
Under the terms of the settlement, unless verified parent consent has been subsequently obtained, the defendants are required to refrain from disclosing, using, or benefiting from previously collected personal information that did not comply with COPPA’s parental notice and consent requirements, and must destroy all previously collected personal information, as well as any affected work product that used illegally collected data. The settlement also orders the defendants to pay a $1.5 million civil penalty.
Biden to streamline medical debt forgiveness for veterans
On March 1, President Biden announced that veterans will be able to apply for medical debt forgiveness under a new streamlined process in 90 to 120 days. According to the White House press release, the current process for veterans who are entitled to medical debt forgiveness is complicated, confusing, and time consuming, and may deter veterans from applying for relief. To streamline the medical debt forgiveness request process, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) will provide an online option for veterans and set a simple income threshold for receiving relief. The announcement follows a final rule issued by the VA last month, which amended its regulations around the conditions by which VA benefits debts or medical debts are reported to consumer reporting agencies (CRAs), and created a methodology for determining a minimum threshold for debts reported to the CRAs. (Covered by InfoBytes here.)
Special Alert: Latest developments in OFAC sanctions against Russia
Beginning February 21, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control has issued significant sanctions in response to the Russian Federation’s military invasion of Ukraine and its recognition of Ukraine’s separatist regions.
Since Buckley’s last update on February 25, there have been a number of developments in the sanctions against Russia, which include:
- A prohibition on the importation into the United States of Russian crude oil and certain petroleum products, liquified natural gas, and coal
- A ban on new investment by U.S. persons in the Russian energy sector
- The imposition of asset blocking sanctions on Vladimir Putin, Sergei Lavrov, numerous oligarchs and families with ties to Putin, and Russian-backed disinformation services
- Sanctions targeting Russia’s U.S. foreign reserves by prohibiting all dealings with Russia’s Central Bank, National Wealth Fund, and Ministry of Finance
- The issuance of the Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations, which codify the prohibitions imposed under Executive Order 14024, discussed below, and include several interpretations and general licenses
- The issuance of a general license that exempts “transactions related to energy” from certain prohibitions imposed under Executive Order 14024
OCC appoints deputy comptroller and chief accountant
On March 4, the OCC announced that Amanda Freedle will serve as Deputy Comptroller and Chief Accountant starting on March 28. Previously, Ms. Freedle served as a Senior Accounting Policy Advisor at the OCC’s Office of the Chief Accountant, where she provided accounting support for large bank examination teams. She also served as a member of the OCC’s National Retail Risk Committee and most recently held the position of Deputy Chief Accountant, serving as a key advisor to the Acting Deputy Comptroller and Chief Accountant. According to the OCC, as the Deputy Comptroller and Chief Accountant, “Ms. Freedle will lead the OCC's efforts for bank accounting and financial reporting, providing accounting counsel to examiners, the banking industry, and the accounting profession.”
Agencies crack down on deceptive Covid-19 treatment claims
On March 3, the FTC, along with the DOJ and FDA, filed a lawsuit against a New York-based marketer of herbal tea for allegedly claiming its tea was clinically proven to treat, cure, and prevent Covid-19. The announcement reiterated the agencies’ commitment to cracking down on companies that unlawfully market unproven Covid-19 treatments. According to the joint agency complaint, the defendants’ deceptive marketing claims that their herbal tea product is capable of preventing or treating Covid-19 (and is more effective than Covid-19 vaccines) are not supported by competent or reliable scientific evidence and pose “a significant risk to public health and safety.” Moreover, the defendants have allegedly repeatedly ignored FTC and FDA warnings that their deceptive advertising and misrepresentations violate the FTC Act, the Covid-19 Consumer Protection Act, and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The complaint seeks permanent injunctive relief, civil penalties, and other remedies to prevent the harms caused by the defendants’ deceptive misrepresentations.
VA updates loan repayment relief for Covid-19 borrowers
On February 28, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) issued changes updating Circular 26-21-07 to address loan repayment relief for borrowers affected by Covid-19. The circular is “Change 2” of the original circular issued in June 2021, which, among other things, provided servicers with information regarding home retention options and foreclosure alternatives for impacted borrowers. The guidance stems from the extended duration of the pandemic and developments in the VA’s program. (Covered by InfoBytes here). The circular is now effective until July 2023.
Treasury highlights climate transition efforts
On March 3, the U.S. Treasury Department released a Fact Sheet covering topics discussed during “The Climate Transition: Federal Policy and State and Local Government Best Practices” roundtable, including efforts to support states, localities, and communities impacted by climate change. Topics discussed included, among others: (i) promoting an equitable and sustainable recovery and driving green investments; (ii) disseminating analysis and recommendations to advance shared climate priorities; (iii) monitoring climate-related issues in municipal markets and identifying best practices; and (iv) promoting resilience to extreme weather events. Specifically, Treasury pointed out its Federal Insurance Office is advancing a set of priorities on climate-related issues by developing a report “focused on climate-related insurance supervision and regulation, with an assessment of climate-related issues or gaps in the supervision and regulation of insurers, including their potential impact on U.S. financial stability.” (Covered by InfoBytes here). Additionally, Treasury noted that it is “coordinating with interagency partners and state and local governments on a national mitigation framework,” and is “promoting energy efficiency and sustainability through tax incentives for homes and buildings.”