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OFAC sanctions additional Mexican national linked to narcotics trafficking
On February 17, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions pursuant to Executive Order 14059 against a Mexican national for his role in facilitating various illicit activities in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico on behalf of the Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generacion (CJNG). CJNG “uses this renowned tourist destination as a strategic stronghold not only for drug trafficking but also money laundering, extortion, kidnappings, and assassinations,” Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Brian E. Nelson stated. “Treasury will continue working with U.S. partners and the Mexican government to expose and disrupt CJNG, from its leadership to its facilitators.” The designated individual joins other previously designated businesses and individuals linked to CJNG for playing “critical roles in CJNG’s drug trafficking activities, including money laundering.” As a result of the sanctions, the designated individual’s property located in the U.S. or held by U.S. persons is blocked and must be reported to OFAC. Additionally, OFAC regulations generally prohibit U.S. persons from participating in transactions with the designated individual.
OFAC adds regulations on Chinese military companies and WMDs
On February 15, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced that it is adding regulations to implement a November 2020 Executive Order (E.O.), which is related to securities investments that finance Communist Chinese military companies, as amended by a June 2021 E.O. related to the Chinese military-industrial complex and Chinese surveillance technology. As previously covered by InfoBytes, President Biden issued E.O. 14032, “Addressing the Threat from Securities Investments that Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies.” The E.O. took additional steps pursuant to the national emergency declared pursuant to E.O. 13959 (covered by Infobytes here), including the threat posed by the military-industrial complex of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and “its involvement in military, intelligence, and security research and development programs, and weapons and related equipment production under the PRC’s Military-Civil Fusion strategy.” According to OFAC, with respect to the recent regulations, the agency “intends to supplement these regulations with a more comprehensive set of regulations, which may include additional interpretive guidance and definitions, general licenses, and other regulatory provisions.” The regulations took effect February 16.
Additionally, OFAC announced that it is publishing an amendment to the Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferators Sanctions Regulations “to revise an existing general license authorizing the provision of certain legal services and add a general license authorizing payments for legal services from funds originating outside the United States.” (Covered by InfoBytes here.) The amendment also took effect February 16.
FinCEN releases fact sheet on RRP
On February 14, FinCEN issued a fact sheet regarding its Rapid Response Program (RRP), which is “a collaborative partnership that leverages FinCEN’s relationships with law enforcement, U.S. financial institutions, and foreign financial intelligence units to help victims and their financial institutions recover funds stolen as the result of certain cyber-enabled financial crimes schemes, including business e-mail compromise.” According to FinCEN, in addition to providing information about the program, the fact sheet emphasizes that victims of cyber-enabled crimes, or victims’ financial institutions, need to file a complaint with law enforcement to start the RRP process. The fact sheet also provides guidance on, among things: (i) activating the RRP; (ii) suspicious activity reporting; and (iii) information for financial institutions sharing information. FinCEN noted that it assisted in the recovery of over $1.1 billion since the program started in 2015.
OFAC removes Burundi sanctions regulations
On February 10, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced a final rule to remove the Burundi Sanctions Regulations. According to OFAC, the action is being taken “because the national emergency on which part 554 was based was terminated by the President on November 18, 2021.” The final rule took effect on February 11.
E.O. blocks property of Afghan bank
On February 11, President Biden issued an Executive Order (E.O.) on Protecting Certain Property of Da Afghanistan Bank [DAB] for the Benefit of the People of Afghanistan. The E.O. generally blocks “[a]ll property and interests in property of DAB that are held, as of the date of this order, in the United States by any United States financial institution, including the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.” The E.O. establishes that “[a]ny transaction that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, causes a violation of, or attempts to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.” Among other things, the order's prohibitions “apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted before the date of this order.” The E.O. also prohibits any transactions by U.S. persons—or within the U.S—that evade or avoid, have the purpose of evading or avoiding, cause a violation of, or attempt to violate the provisions set forth in the order, as well as any conspiracy to violate any of these prohibitions. Additionally, the Secretary of the Treasury—after consulting with heads of other executive departments as deemed appropriate—is authorized to take actions, including promulgating rules and regulations, to carry out the purposes of the E.O.
OFAC sanctions drug traffickers
On February 10, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions pursuant to Executive Order 14059 against two individuals for materially contributing to the illicit activities of major Mexican cartels to traffic drugs into the U.S. According to OFAC, the action, which was the result of collaboration between OFAC and the Drug Enforcement Administration, provides that all property and interests in property of sanctioned individuals in the U.S. or in the possession or control of U.S. persons must be blocked and reported to OFAC. OFAC notes that its regulations generally prohibit all transactions by U.S. persons that involve any property or interests in property of designated or otherwise blocked persons.
Treasury releases study on illicit finance in the high-value art market
On February 4, the U.S. Treasury Department published a study examining the high-value art market’s money laundering and terrorist financing risks to the U.S. financial system. The study also identified efforts U.S. government agencies, regulators, and other market participants should explore to mitigate the laundering of illicit proceeds through this industry. Treasury’s Study of the Facilitation of Money Laundering and Terror Finance Through the Trade in Works of Art found that while there is some evidence of money laundering risk in the high-value art market, there was limited evidence of a nexus between terrorist financing risk and high-value art (which the study theorizes is in part due “to a disconnect between the high-value art market and the physical geographies where terrorist groups are most active”). Participants most vulnerable to money laundering in the art market, the study noted, are financial services companies that offer art-collateralized loans but that are not subject to comprehensive anti-money laundering/countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) requirements. Banks that facilitate payments between customers and art market institutions also present unique money laundering risks, the study found, while asset-based lending can disguise the original source of funds and provide liquidity to criminals. The study further cautioned that entities with large annual sales turnover present higher money laundering risks, and stressed that the emerging digital art market (including non-fungible tokens or NFTs) “may present new risks, depending on the structure and market incentives of certain activity in this sector of the market.”
To address the identified risks, the study recommended the following: (i) supporting “private sector information-sharing programs to encourage transparency among art market participants”; (ii) “updating guidance and training for law enforcement, customs enforcement, and asset recovery agencies”; (iii) using recordkeeping and reporting authorities to support information collection and money laundering activity analyses; and (iv) “applying comprehensive AML/CFT requirements to certain art market participants.” Treasury noted that it will consider “how these measures could mitigate identified money laundering risk, the potential burden on smaller art market participants, privacy considerations, as well as progress on addressing systemic AML/CFT issues, such as the abuse of shell companies.”
OFAC issues Ethiopia sanctions regulations and amendments for civil penalties
On February 8, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions regulations pursuant to Executive Order 14046 of September 17, 2021, “Imposing Sanctions on Certain Persons with Respect to the Humanitarian and Human Rights Crisis in Ethiopia.” According to the final rule, OFAC “intends to supplement these regulations with a more comprehensive set of regulations, which may include additional interpretive guidance and definitions, general licenses, and other regulatory provisions.” The regulations become effective February 9, upon publication in the Federal Register.
OFAC also announced that it is amending its regulations to implement the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015, which adjusts for inflation the maximum amount of the civil monetary penalties that may be assessed under relevant OFAC regulations. The amendments become effective February 9, upon publication in the Federal Register.
FinCEN releases statement on NPRM for beneficial ownership
On February 8, FinCEN disclosed that the comment period from a December 2021 notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) related to the reporting of beneficial ownership information (the “Reporting NPRM”) received more than 230 public comments and is now closed. As previously covered by InfoBytes, in December, FinCEN issued a NPRM implementing the beneficial ownership information reporting provisions of the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), which addressed who must report beneficial ownership information, when to report it, and what information they must provide. FinCEN noted that “the next step in the CTA rulemaking series will be FinCEN’s publication of proposed rules on BOI access and disclosure requirements (the 'Access NPRM'), which FinCEN anticipates publishing later this year.” According to FinCEN, some public comments included requests for the opportunity to submit, supplement, or amend their comments on the Reporting NPRM after having the opportunity to review the Access NPRM.
House passes America COMPETES Act
On February 4, the U.S. House passed, by a vote of 222-210, the “America Creating Opportunities for Manufacturing Pre-Eminence in Technology and Economic Strength (COMPETES) Act” H.R. 4521, which aims to strengthen the competitiveness of the U.S. economy and U.S. businesses, and counters anti-competitive actions taken by the People’s Republic of China. The COMPETES Act includes provisions affecting financial services, such as:
- U.S. Policy on World Bank Group and Asian Development Bank Loans to China. This provision would, among other things, direct Treasury to vote against any loans to China from the World Bank or Asian Development Bank under certain circumstances, and allow borrowing countries to seek restructuring of China loans in official multilateral debt relief forums.
- Prohibitions or Conditions on Certain Transmittal of Funds. This provision would streamline the process by which special measures may be introduced and modernizes the authorities granted to the FinCEN by permitting the agency to pursue bad actors.
- Study on Chinese Support for Afghan Illicit Finance. This provision would direct Treasury’s Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence to brief Congress on the identification and analysis of Chinese economic, commercial, and financial connections to Afghanistan, to include illicit financial networks involved in narcotics trafficking, illicit financial transactions, official corruption, natural resources exploitation, and terrorist networks.
- Support for Debt Relief for Developing Countries. This provision would direct the Treasury secretary and U.S. representatives at the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to engage with international financial institutions, official creditors, and relevant commercial creditor groups to advocate for the effective implementation of the G-20’s Common Framework.