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FFIEC updates BSA/AML examination manual
On December 1, the Federal Financial Institutions Examinations Council (FFIEC) published updated versions of three sections and one new section of the Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering (BSA/AML) Examination Manual (Manual), which provides examiners with instructions for assessing a bank or credit union’s BSA/AML compliance program and adherence to BSA regulatory requirements. The new section is Introduction – Customers, and the revisions include the following updated sections: Charities and Nonprofit Organizations, Independent Automated Teller Machine Owners or Operators, and Politically Exposed Persons. The FFIEC noted that the “updates should not be interpreted as new instructions or as a new or increased focus on certain areas,” but rather are intended to “provide information and considerations related to certain customers that may indicate the need for bank policies, procedures, and processes to address potential money laundering, terrorist financing, and other illicit financial activity risks.” In addition, the Manual itself does not establish requirements for financial institutions, which are found in applicable statutes and regulations. (See also FDIC FIL-12-2021 and OCC Bulletin 2021-10.) As previously covered by InfoBytes, in June, the FFIEC updated the following sections of the Manual: International Transportation of Currency or Monetary Instruments Reporting, Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instruments Recordkeeping, Reports of Foreign Financial Accounts, and Special Measures.
OFAC sanctions key ISIS-K financial facilitator
On November 22, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13224, as amended, against an individual it claims is acting as a financial facilitator for the Islamic State’s Khorasan Province (ISIS-K). According to OFAC, ISIS-K was previously designated as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist under E.O. 13224, and as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the Department of State in 2016. The designated individual, OFAC stated, has provided support to ISIS-K’s Afghani operations “by facilitating international financial transactions that fund human trafficking networks and facilitating the movement of foreign fighters who seek to escalate tensions in Afghanistan and the region.” According to OFAC Director Andrea Gacki, this designation “underscores the United States’ determination to prevent ISIS-K and its members from exploiting the international financial system to support terrorist acts in Afghanistan and beyond.” OFAC’s action was handled in coordination with the Department of State, which designated three individuals as Specially Designated Global Terrorists for their roles as leaders of ISIS-K.
As a result, all property and interests in property belonging to the designated individual subject to U.S. jurisdiction are blocked, and any “entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, 50 percent or more by them, individually, or with other blocked persons, that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons must be blocked and report to OFAC.” U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with the designated individual unless authorized by a general or specific OFAC license or otherwise exempt. OFAC warned that the agency “can prohibit or impose strict conditions on the opening or maintaining in the United State[s] of a correspondent account or a payable-through account by a foreign financial institution that either knowingly conducted or facilitated any significant transaction on behalf of a Specially Designated Global Terrorist.” OFAC further noted that that engaging in certain transactions with the designated individual “entails risk of secondary sanctions pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended.”
Biden terminates Burundi sanctions
On November 18, President Biden signed Executive Order (E.O.) “Termination of Emergency With Respect to the Situation in Burundi” to terminate a 2015 emergency declared in E.O. 13712 and revoke the authorization of sanctions with respect to Burundi. (See also OFAC’s announcement here.) According to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Wally Adeyemo, the steps are a result of changed circumstances and positive political developments and reforms taken by President Ndayishimiye, who continues “to press the Government of Burundi to improve the human rights situation in the country and hold accountable those responsible for violations and abuses.” Adeyemo added that the revocation demonstrates that the U.S. “may ease or remove sanctions when circumstances warrant such an adjustment, including in cases where relevant parties change their behavior.” As a result, all persons previously blocked pursuant solely to the Burundi Sanctions Regulations are now removed from OFAC’s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, and all property and interests in property blocked solely pursuant to these regulations are unblocked. Additionally, OFAC will remove the Burundi Sanctions Regulations from the Code of Federal Regulations in the future. However, “[p]ending or future OFAC enforcement investigations or actions related to apparent violations of the Burundi Sanctions Regulations that occurred while E.O. 13712 was in effect may still be carried out,” Treasury stated.
FinCEN issues environmental crimes notice
On November 18, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued a notice calling attention to the increase of environmental crimes and associated illicit financial activity. FinCEN emphasized that this trend is due to: (i) its strong association with corruption and transnational criminal organizations, two of FinCEN’s national anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism priorities; (ii) a need to enhance reporting and analysis of related illicit financial flows; and (iii) environmental crimes’ contribution to the climate crisis, including threatening ecosystems, decreasing biodiversity, and increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The notice also provided financial institutions with specific suspicious activity report filing instructions and outlined the likelihood of illicit financial activity associated with several types of environmental crimes.
FinCEN hosts exchange on environmental crimes and related financial activity
On November 16, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) held a virtual “FinCEN Exchange” with representatives from financial institutions, other key industry stakeholders, and federal government agencies to discuss identifying and combating illicit financial flows related to environmental crimes and related money laundering. As previously covered by InfoBytes, FinCEN released the “FinCEN Exchange” program in 2017, which established regular briefings between FinCEN, law enforcement, and financial institutions to share high-priority information regarding potential national security threats and illicit financial transactions. Topics discussed at the recent FinCEN Exchange included, among other things: (i) illicit financial flows related to wildlife trafficking; (ii) illegal logging, fishing, and mining; (iii) waste and hazardous substances trafficking; and (vi) potential solutions for better understanding the associated illicit flows. According to FinCEN, the agency “is focusing on environmental crimes because of an upward trend in these activities and their related financial flows; their strong association with two of FinCEN’s national anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) priorities, specifically corruption and transnational criminal organizations; and their contribution to the climate and biodiversity crises.”
OFAC sanctions nine Nicaraguan officials and one entity
On November 15, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions pursuant to Executive Order 13851 against nine officials of the Nicaraguan government and one entity for allegedly engaging in actions or policies that undermine democratic processes or institutions in Nicaragua. According to OFAC, the designations “target[ed] those who are repressing Nicaraguans for exercising their human rights and fundamental freedoms.” As a result, all property and interests in property of the sanctioned individuals and entities, and any entities that own, directly or indirectly, 50 percent or more of such persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction, are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. U.S. persons are also generally prohibited from entering into transactions with the sanctioned persons.
OFAC designates entities and individuals, issues general license and related Ethiopian FAQs
On November 12, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 14046 against four entities and two individuals associated with the military conflict and human rights crisis in Ethiopia. OFAC noted that the E.O., which was signed by President Biden on September 17, authorized targeting of actors that contribute to the ongoing crisis in Ethiopia and is not directed at Ethiopian or Eritrean people (covered by InfoBytes here). As a result of the sanctions, all property and interests in property belonging to the sanctioned entities and individuals subject to U.S. jurisdiction are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. OFAC further noted that no entity is to be blocked “pursuant to E.O. 14046 solely because it is owned in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, by one or more sanctioned persons, unless the entity is itself a sanctioned person.”
The same day, OFAC issued Ethiopia General License 4, “Authorizing the Wind Down of Transactions Involving Hidri Trust or Red Sea Trading Corporation,” which are two of the four entities for which sanctions were announced. Ethiopia General License 4 authorizes “all transactions and activities prohibited by Executive Order (E.O.) 14046 that are ordinarily incident and necessary to the wind down of transactions involving Hidri Trust or Red Sea Trading Corporation” through December 14, provided certain criteria are met. OFAC also updated FAQ 927, which provides clarification on non-U.S. persons’ risk exposure to U.S. sanctions for engaging in transactions and activities that would be authorized for U.S. persons pursuant to the prior E.O. of September 17. Additionally, OFAC published two new FAQs (935 and 936), which provide further information on Ethiopia-related sanctions.
FinCEN final rule updates reporting and recordkeeping requirements
On November 15, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) published a final rule in the Federal Register, which updates regulation 31 CFR 1010.370 to mirror statutory amendments to Section 5326 of the Bank Security Act (BSA). Specifically, Section 5326 has been amended three times (in 1992, 2001, and 2017) to expand the authority of the Secretary of the Department of the Treasury. The final rule updates the regulation to reflect the subsequent statutory amendments by, among other things, updating the authority of FinCEN to issue orders imposing additional reporting and recordkeeping requirements on financial institutions and nonfinancial trades or businesses in a geographic area. The final rule also notes that since the amendments promulgated by the rule conform the regulation to the statute and reflect no discretionary or substantive determination, no public comment was solicited; therefore, the final rule is effective immediately.
President Biden extends national emergency prohibiting securities investments in Chinese military companies
On November 9, President Biden issued a notice, extending for one year, the national emergency declared pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13959, as expanded by E.O. 14032, involving securities investments related to Chinese military companies. As previously covered by InfoBytes, E.O. 14032 generally prohibits U.S. persons from “the purchase or sale of any publicly traded securities, or any securities that are derivative of such securities, or are designed to provide investment exposure to such securities, of” any listed Chinese military company. The E.O. also establishes deadlines for divestment of investments in companies currently listed as Chinese military companies as well as companies that later may be added to the list of Chinese military. Among other things, E.O. 14032 also prohibits any transactions by U.S. persons or within the U.S. that evade or avoid, have the purpose of evading or avoiding, cause a violation of, or attempt to violate the provisions set forth in the order, as well as any conspiracy to violate any of these prohibitions.
In continuing the national emergency underlying these actions and extending E.O. 14032, Biden stated the “threat from securities investments that finance certain companies of the [People’s Republic of China] and certain uses and development of Chinese surveillance technology continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States.”
OFAC issues Cambodia advisory; sanctions Cambodian officials
On November 10, OFAC published a Cambodia Business Advisory on High-Risk Investments and Interactions, which addresses two primary areas of risk exposure for U.S. companies: (i) illicit finance activities in Cambodia and related risks for certain sectors; and (ii) involvement with Cambodian entities connected to trafficking in persons, wildlife, and narcotics trafficking in Cambodia and associated risks for certain sectors.
The same day, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions pursuant to Executive Order 13818 against two Cambodian government officials under the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act. According to OFAC, the sanctioned individuals, among other things, allegedly conspired to inflate the cost of facilities at a Cambodian naval base and personally benefit from the proceeds.