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U.S. Supreme Court to continue remote oral arguments through December
On October 9, the United States Supreme Court announced that all oral arguments scheduled for November and December will take place by telephone conference, and all parties will participate remotely. The proceedings will follow a similar format as hearings in October, including for live audio feed, and posting of audio and transcripts on the website daily.
Fannie Mae updates Covid-19 Seller FAQs
On October 8, Fannie Mae updated its Covid-19 Seller FAQs to include new guidance covering, among other things, (i) general standards for audited profit and loss statements; (ii) when a mortgage loan is considered to be reinstated; (iii) reusing desktop and exterior-only appraisals for subsequent refinances; and (iv) using credit supplements as a form of due diligence to determine whether a borrower’s existing mortgage payments are current. Additionally, Fannie Mae updated previous questions related to refinancing an existing loan in forbearance and timely payments in certain repayment plans.
Federal banking agencies amend capital rules to encourage support of recovery
On October 8, the OCC, FDIC and Federal Reserve Board finalized two rules intended to encourage depository institutions to utilize their capital buffers, which must be maintained in order to avoid having restrictions placed on capital distributions, for lending and other financial intermediation activities. The agencies amended rules governing risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements for U.S. banking organizations, to make limitations on capital distributions more gradual in nature. The agencies also amended rules governing the total loss-absorption capacity of the largest U.S. bank holding companies and U.S. operations of the largest foreign banking organizations.
Senate Democrats question CFPB’s lack of restitution in VA ad settlements
On October 1, sixteen Democratic Senators sent a letter to CFPB Director Kathy Kraninger, expressing concern over the Bureau’s failure to obtain restitution in eight recent settlements with mortgage lenders for allegedly mailing consumers advertisements for Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) mortgages that contained misleading statements or lacked required disclosures (covered by InfoBytes here). The letter states that while the Bureau collected approximately $2.8 million in civil penalties over the eight settlements, it did not require any company to pay restitution to harmed consumers. The letter argues that the failure to obtain restitution in these matters was a departure from the Bureau’s practice in previous cases where it obtained restitution for consumers who enrolled in a service connected to allegedly deceptive advertising. The letter notes that, if the Bureau was not able to determine a restitution amount based on the “millions of advertisements” that were sent, it had the authority to seek disgorgement as a remedy. The letter requests the Bureau elaborate on, among other things, its decision not to seek restitution for consumers in the cited actions and to provide information about the standard the Bureau uses to determine when to provide restitution.
FinCEN extends FBAR filing deadline for natural disaster victims
On October 6, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued a notice extending the deadline to December 31, 2020, for victims of certain recent natural disasters to file their reports of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR) for the 2019 calendar year. The expanded relief is offered to victims impacted by the California wildfires, Iowa Derecho, Hurricane Laura, Oregon wildfires, and Hurricane Sally. If FEMA later designates additional areas as eligible for individual assistance, FBAR filers in those locations will automatically receive the same filing relief. FinCEN will also work with FBAR filers who live outside the designated disaster areas but may have trouble meeting their filing obligations because their records are located in the affected areas.
SBA simplifies PPP forgiveness for loans under $50K
On October 8, the Small Business Administration (SBA), in consultation with the U.S. Treasury Department, announced a more streamlined loan forgiveness application for Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans of $50,000 or less. According to the interim final rule released with the application and application instructions, lenders may rely on the borrower representations of the forgiveness amount, stating that a “lender does not need to independently verify the borrower’s reported information if the borrower submits documentation supporting its request for loan forgiveness and attests that it accurately verified the payments for eligible costs.” Moreover, should a borrower apply for forgiveness of costs exceeding the borrower’s PPP loan amount, the lender should confirm the borrower’s calculations on the loan forgiveness application, “up to the amount required to reach the requested [f]orgiveness [a]mount.” The SBA notes that it began approving PPP forgiveness applications and remitting payments to lenders on October 2 and “will continue to process all PPP forgiveness applications in an expeditious manner.”
Additionally, on October 7, the SBA updated the PPP FAQs to add a question on the payment deferral extension granted by the PPP Flexibility Act. As previously covered by InfoBytes, the PPP Flexibility Act extends the six-month payment deferral period to at least 10 months after the program expires. Specifically, the FAQs confirm that the extension of the deferral period will automatically apply to all PPP loans, requiring lenders to “give immediate effect to the statutory extension and [] notify borrowers of the change to the deferral period.” Moreover, the FAQs emphasize that the SBA does not require a formal modification of the promissory note.
FinCEN, OFAC issue ransomware advisories
On October 1, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence issued two advisories to aid U.S. individuals and businesses in combating ransomware scams and attacks. In issuing the advisories, Treasury emphasized that “[e]fforts to detect and report ransomware payments are vital to prevent and deter cyber actors from deploying malicious software to extort individuals and businesses, and to hold ransomware attackers accountable for their crimes.” The advisory released by FinCEN, titled the Advisory on Ransomware and the Use of the Financial System to Facilitate Ransom Payments, provides information on the role of financial intermediaries in payments, ransomware trends and typologies, and related financial red flags indicators. Among other things, the advisory urges financial institutions to file suspicious activity reports when handling any transfer of funds related to a ransomware-related activity, and provides information on effectively reporting and sharing information related to ransomware attacks.
The advisory released by Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), titled the Advisory on Potential Sanctions Risks for Facilitating Ransomware Payments, cautions that companies that facilitate ransomware payments to cyber actors on behalf of victims targeted by ransomware activities may face potential sanctions risks. Among other things, the advisory encourages financial institutions and other companies that engage with victims of ransomware attacks to implement risk-based compliance programs “to mitigate exposure to sanctions-related violations,” and to report such attacks to law enforcement. These sanctions compliance programs, OFAC emphasizes, “should account for the risk that a ransomware payment may involve [a specially designated national] or blocked person, or a comprehensively embargoed jurisdiction.” OFAC also cautions companies to consider whether they also need to comply with FinCEN’s regulatory obligations. Furthermore, the advisory provides U.S. government resources for reporting ransomware attacks, as well as guidance on factors OFAC generally considers when determining an appropriate enforcement response to an apparent violation.
Fed issues enforcement order for BSA/AML and OFAC regulation compliance
On October 1, the Federal Reserve announced an enforcement action against a Pennsylvania state-chartered bank for deficiencies in the bank’s Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), anti-money laundering (AML), and U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) regulations. The order requires the bank to submit, among other things, (i) a board-approved, written plan to improve oversight of BSA/AML requirements and OFAC regulations; (ii) a written BSA/AML compliance program; (iii) a revised customer due diligence program; (iv) a written suspicious activity monitoring and reporting program; and (iv) a written plan for independent testing of compliance with BSA/AML requirements. The bank was not assessed any monetary penalties.
CFPB releases TRID five-year lookback assessment
On October 1, the CFPB released the assessment report required by Section 1022(d) of the Dodd-Frank Act for the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure Rule (TRID), concluding that the TRID Rule “made progress towards several of its goals.” The assessment report was conducted using the Bureau’s own research and external sources. In opening remarks, Director Kraninger noted that the Bureau was “unable to obtain or generate the data necessary” to include a cost-benefit analysis, but documented the benefits and costs when possible. In addition to studying the effectiveness of the TRID Rule, the report also summarized the public comments the Bureau received from its November 2019 request for information (covered by InfoBytes here).
The Bureau issued the TRID Rule in November 2013, and the Rule took effect on October 3, 2015. Among other things, the TRID Rule integrated TILA’s Good Faith Estimate (GFE) and RESPA’s settlement statement (HUD-1), as well as other Dodd-Frank required disclosures, into the “Loan Estimate” and “Closing Disclosure” forms. Key findings of the assessment include:
- The TRID disclosure forms improved borrower abilities to locate key mortgage information, and compare costs and features of different mortgage offers;
- Evidence was mixed as to whether the TRID disclosure forms improved borrower abilities to understand loan estimates and transactions, and the TRID Rule increased consumer shopping for mortgages;
- The median response for one-time costs for lenders of implementing the rule was roughly $146 per mortgage originated in 2015;
- Evidence was unclear regarding ongoing costs for lenders, noting that over the last decade, lenders’ costs have increased steadily, but the data does not show a clear increase from the time the TRID Rule took effect; and
- Purchases and refinances dropped notably (around 14 percent and eight percent, respectively) in the first two months after the effective date, and purchase closing times lengthened by about 13 percent. However, both changes returned to pre-TRID Rule amounts and durations.
Additionally, the Bureau released a Data Point report titled, “How mortgages change before origination,” which details how the terms and costs of a mortgage loan may change during the origination process. The Bureau examined about 50,000 mortgages originated between March 2016 and November 2017, and found, among other things, that (i) APR changes occurred in more than 40 percent of mortgages; (ii) loan amount and the loan to value ratio changed for nearly 25 percent of mortgages; and (iii) interest rate changed for eight percent of mortgages.
SEC: CARES Act, Federal Reserve facilities reduced impact of Covid-19 on U.S. credit market
On October 5, the SEC released issued a report addressing the economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the U.S. credit markets. The report concludes that the immediate and multi-faceted actions taken by the Federal Reserve and under the CARES Act were instrumental in relieving stress in the credit market, stabilizing housing prices and sustaining consumer spending. The SEC will hold roundtable discussion with U.S. and international regulators on October 14 to discuss the report and related policy issues.