InfoBytes Blog
Filter
Subscribe to our InfoBytes Blog weekly newsletter and other publications for news affecting the financial services industry.
CFPB issues policy statement on billing error responsibilities, two sets of Covid-19 FAQs
On May 13, the CFPB released a policy statement and two FAQ documents outlining the responsibilities of financial firms during the Covid-19 pandemic. The policy statement covers Regulation Z’s billing error resolution timeframe in light of the operational disruptions faced by many merchants and small businesses, causing delays in responses to creditors’ inquiries and thus making it difficult for creditors to accurately and timely resolve consumers’ billing error notices. The statement emphasizes that the CFPB will be flexible with its supervisory and enforcement approach during the pandemic as it relates to billing error resolution set forth in §1026.13(c)(2), stating “the Bureau intends to consider the creditor’s circumstances and does not intend to cite a violation in an examination or bring an enforcement action against a creditor that takes longer than required by [Regulation Z] to resolve a billing error notice, so long as the creditor has made good faith efforts to obtain the necessary information and make a determination as quickly as possible, and complies with all other requirements pending resolution of the error.” The Bureau notes that creditors are still expected to fully comply with the other requirements of billing error disputes in Regulation Z.
The Bureau also released payment and deposit rule FAQs related to the Covid-19 pandemic, which state that financial or depository intuitions may change account terms due to the pandemic so long as they provide appropriate notice to consumers. However, if a change is favorable to the consumer, it can be implemented immediately without advance notice. Additionally, the Bureau released open-end (not home-secured) rule FAQs related to the Covid-19 pandemic, which state that creditors may change account terms in response to the pandemic but most changes will require advance notice. However, changes that may help a consumer in need—such as reducing a finance charge—do not require advance notice.
Fannie and Freddie offer new Covid-19 payment deferral
On May 13, the FHFA, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, announced a new Covid-19 payment deferral option that will be available starting on July 1. According to Fannie Mae Lender Letter LL-2020-07 and Freddie Mac Bulletin 2020-15, the new Covid-19 payment deferral is “a new workout option specifically designed to help borrowers impacted by a hardship related to Covid-19 return their mortgage to a current status after up to 12 months of missed payments.”
The new option is for borrowers who (i) are on a Covid-19 related forbearance plan, or (ii) have a resolved financial hardship due to Covid-19. Specifically, the servicer is required to confirm that the borrower is now able to continue making the full monthly contractual payment of their loan but is unable to reinstate the mortgage loan or afford a repayment plan to cure the previous delinquency. If a borrower is eligible for the Covid-19 payment deferral, the servicer must allow the borrower to resume their contractual monthly payments; however, the delinquency amount (which includes up to 12 months of past-due principal and interest payments; out-of-pocket escrow advances paid to third parties; and servicing advances paid to third parties in the ordinary course of business) must be deferred as a non-interest bearing balance, due and payable at liquidation, refinance, or maturity. Among other requirements detailed by the Lender Letter and Bulletin, servicers must report the loan in accordance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act, as amended by the CARES Act, which requires lenders to report as current any loans subject to Covid-19 forbearance or other accommodation. Additionally, servicers must waive all late charges, penalties, and fees upon completing the Covid-19 payment deferral.
In addition to the new Covid-19 payment deferral, borrowers will continue to have other hardship options including repayment plans, lump-sum repayment, or permanent modification. Servicers must begin evaluating borrowers for the Covid-19 payment deferral beginning July 1.
SBA, Treasury won’t audit PPP loans beneath $2 million
On May 13, the Small Business Administration (SBA) in consultation with the Treasury Department updated the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) to provide additional borrower guidance. Borrowers that submit PPP applications must certify, in good faith, that “[c]urrent economic uncertainty makes this loan request necessary to support the ongoing operations of the Applicant.” FAQ #46 establishes a safe harbor that “[a]ny borrower that, together with its affiliates, received PPP loans with an original principal amount of less than $2 million will be deemed to have made the required certification concerning the necessity of the loan request in good faith.” According to SBA, this safe harbor is appropriate because borrowers with loans of less than $2 million are generally less likely to have access to other forms of liquidity than borrowers who are able to obtain larger loans. Also, the safe harbor will provide more certainty to PPP borrowers with more limited resources, and it will allow SBA to use its resources efficiently to prioritize reviews of larger loans, where compliance audits may yield higher returns.
SBA’s guidance noted, however, that borrowers with loans greater than the $2 million threshold “may still have an adequate basis for making the required good-faith certification, based on their individual circumstances in light of the language of the certification and SBA guidance.” Those loans will be subject to review by the SBA, and if the SBA determines a borrower lacks an adequate basis for certification, the borrower will not be eligible for loan forgiveness and must pay the outstanding balance. If a borrower repays a loan after receiving notification from the SBA, the SBA states that it will not pursue administrative enforcement or make referrals to other agencies based on its determination concerning the certification of necessity.
Additionally, in FAQ #47, the SBA extended until May 18 the PPP safe harbor repayment deadline for borrowers who received PPP loans but had access to other sources of capital. Borrowers who applied for a PPP loan and repay the loan in full by May 18 will be deemed by the SBA to have made the required certification regarding necessity of the loan request in good faith. The extension is intended to provide borrowers an opportunity to consider FAQ #46. The SBA’s interim final rule providing the safe harbor (covered by InfoBytes here) will be revised to reflect the extension.
OCC issues guidance about health-related changes to annual meetings
On May 12, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued guidance for national banks and federal savings associations that are considering changing the date, time, or location of their annual meetings as a result of stay-at-home orders or other health concerns. The OCC clarified that, for national banks, the requirement to hold an annual meeting is governed by state laws and the bank’s governing documents. OCC regulations require federal savings associations to hold annual meetings within 150 days after the end of the fiscal year and to incorporate the time frame for conducting the meeting into their bylaws. Although federal savings associations must receive OCC approval to amend their bylaws to incorporate a longer time frame, the OCC will deem such an amendment as approved and effective if it meets the conditions set out in the guidance. The OCC also strongly encourages all banks to use electronic methods for submitting licensing filings during the COVID-19 emergency.
Federal Reserve publishes revised terms, other information regarding lending and liquidity facilities
On May 12, the Federal Reserve Board issued additional information regarding the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF) and the Payment Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF). It issued a revised term sheet for TALF, indicating that eligible borrowers include businesses that (i) are created or organized in, or under the law of the United States; (ii) have significant operations in and a majority of their employees based in the United States; and (iii) maintain an account relationship with a primary dealer. The board also announced that, on a monthly basis, it will publicly disclose the name of each participant in the TALF and the PPPLF, as well as amounts borrowed and interest rate charged. In addition, the board issued FAQs regarding the TALF.
FINRA provides guidance on qualification examinations
On May 12, FINRA added a new question to its frequently asked questions page regarding the availability of the waiver process for qualification examinations. FINRA has clarified that its waiver process is currently functional and FINRA may, in exceptional cases and where good cause is shown, waive the applicable qualification examinations and accept other standards as evidence of an applicant’s qualification for registration. Guidance is provided regarding how to submit a waiver request.
Federal regulators discuss Covid-19 responses during Senate hearing
On May 12, the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs held a hearing entitled “Oversight of the Financial Regulators,” which primarily focused on responses by the Federal Reserve Board (Fed), FDIC, OCC, and NCUA to the Covid-19 pandemic. Committee Chairman Mike Crapo (R-ID) opened the hearing by thanking the regulators for crafting regulatory responses to assist financial institutions in meeting the needs of affected borrowers, and encouraged the regulators to find ways to provide flexibility for financial institutions that lend to households and businesses. Crapo also stressed the importance of making sure the Fed’s Main Street Lending Program (covered by a Buckley Special Alert) and the Municipal Liquidity Facility (coved by InfoBytes here) are “up and running quickly,” and expressed continued concerns that the “inclusion of population thresholds for cities and states that were not a part of the CARES Act will still impede access to smaller and rural communities.” Ranking Member Sherrod Brown (D-OH) argued, however, that the regulators’ relief measures have not favored consumers.
Fed Vice Chair for Supervision Randal K. Quarles provided an update on the Fed’s Covid-19 regulatory and supervisory efforts. When asked during the hearing when the Main Street Lending Program would be operational, he declined to give an exact date but emphasized it is the Fed’s “top priority,” and that he did not anticipate it will take months. When questioned about whether the Fed is taking measures to “ensure businesses are getting equitable access to the [lending] facilities,” Quarles stated that the Fed relies on banks to do the underwriting, but will supervise the banks to make sure the underwriting is done “safely and fairly.”
OCC Comptroller Joseph M. Otting also discussed a range of actions taken by the agency in response to the pandemic and outlined additional OCC priorities and objectives, including its proposal to modernize the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). Senator Menendez (D-NJ) asked whether the OCC should revisit the proposed CRA rewrite, citing the inability of some small businesses—particularly minority-owned businesses—to obtain relief under the Payroll Protection Program (PPP). In response, Otting argued that the rewrite (done in conjunction with the FDIC—see InfoBytes CRA coverage here) should actually be accelerated “because it will drive more dollars into low and moderate income communities” impacted by the pandemic. However, several Democrats on the Committee disagreed and called for a separate hearing to discuss the CRA proposal.
FDIC Chairman Jelena McWilliams also addressed actions undertaken to maintain stability and to provide flexibility to both banks and consumers. Among other things, McWilliams stated that banks should rely on borrowers’ statements certifying that their economic need is legitimate when making PPP loans. “Our instruction to banks has been to make sure these loans are not being traditionally underwritten [and] to take a look at the certification that the borrower is providing,” McWilliams said during the hearing. She also emphasized that all banks must comply with fair lending laws when making PPP loans, whether or not specific guidance has been issued.
NCUA Chairman Rodney E. Hood also outlined agency measures in response to the pandemic. Among other things, Hood noted that the NCUA has issued guidance to support credit union industry participation in the PPP and approved several regulatory changes concerning the classification of PPP loans for regulatory capital and commercial underwriting purposes.
The following day, the House Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Financial Institutions also held a roundtable with the federal regulators to discuss Covid-19 responses.
Federal agencies launch joint housing assistance website
On May 12, the CFPB, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) announced a new mortgage and housing assistance website, which consolidates the CARES Act mortgage and rent relief protections, tips to avoid Covid-19 related scams, and tools for homeowners and renters to determine if their property is federally backed. The release details the steps the CFPB has taken in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, including informing consumers of their protections under newly created programs and releasing a policy statement concerning the responsibilities of credit reporting companies and furnishers. The release also outlines efforts that FHFA’s regulated entities and HUD have taken to address the national emergency, including forbearance options for homeowners and eviction protections for renters who live in multifamily properties that are backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
FDIC’s proposal addresses deposit insurance assessment effects of PPP, PPPLF, and MMLF participation
On May 12, the FDIC announced a proposed rulemaking that addresses the deposit insurance assessment effects of participating in the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and the Federal Reserve Board’s Paycheck Protection Program Lending Facility (PPPLF) and Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility (MMLF). The FDIC notes that because PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, and PPPLF and MMLF transactions are conducted with the Board on a non-recourse basis, the proposed rule ensures that participating banks are not subjected to “significantly higher deposit insurance assessments.”
According to FDIC’s Financial Institution Letter, FIL-56-2020, the proposed rule would remove the effect of participating in the programs (i) on various risk measures used to calculate a bank’s assessment rate; (ii) on certain adjustments to a bank’s assessment rate; (iii) by providing an offset to a bank’s assessment for the increase to its assessment base attributable to participation in the MMLF and PPPLF; and (iv) when classifying banks as small, large, or highly complex for assessment purposes. The FDIC is proposing an effective date by June 30 with an application date of April 1 to ensure the changes cover assessments starting in the second quarter of 2020.
Comments on the proposed rule will be accepted for seven days after publication in the Federal Register.
Federal Reserve published updates to the Municipal Liquidity Facility term sheet
On May 11, the Federal Reserve Board issued a press release to publish updates to the Municipal Liquidity Facility (MLF) term sheet. As previously covered by InfoBytes (here and here), the MLF was established to provide liquidity to state and local governments so they could continue to provide services for their citizens. The Federal Reserve Board also published FAQs regarding the MLF and a Pricing Appendix.