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Federal regulators discuss Covid-19 responses during Senate hearing
On May 12, the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs held a hearing entitled “Oversight of the Financial Regulators,” which primarily focused on responses by the Federal Reserve Board (Fed), FDIC, OCC, and NCUA to the Covid-19 pandemic. Committee Chairman Mike Crapo (R-ID) opened the hearing by thanking the regulators for crafting regulatory responses to assist financial institutions in meeting the needs of affected borrowers, and encouraged the regulators to find ways to provide flexibility for financial institutions that lend to households and businesses. Crapo also stressed the importance of making sure the Fed’s Main Street Lending Program (covered by a Buckley Special Alert) and the Municipal Liquidity Facility (coved by InfoBytes here) are “up and running quickly,” and expressed continued concerns that the “inclusion of population thresholds for cities and states that were not a part of the CARES Act will still impede access to smaller and rural communities.” Ranking Member Sherrod Brown (D-OH) argued, however, that the regulators’ relief measures have not favored consumers.
Fed Vice Chair for Supervision Randal K. Quarles provided an update on the Fed’s Covid-19 regulatory and supervisory efforts. When asked during the hearing when the Main Street Lending Program would be operational, he declined to give an exact date but emphasized it is the Fed’s “top priority,” and that he did not anticipate it will take months. When questioned about whether the Fed is taking measures to “ensure businesses are getting equitable access to the [lending] facilities,” Quarles stated that the Fed relies on banks to do the underwriting, but will supervise the banks to make sure the underwriting is done “safely and fairly.”
OCC Comptroller Joseph M. Otting also discussed a range of actions taken by the agency in response to the pandemic and outlined additional OCC priorities and objectives, including its proposal to modernize the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). Senator Menendez (D-NJ) asked whether the OCC should revisit the proposed CRA rewrite, citing the inability of some small businesses—particularly minority-owned businesses—to obtain relief under the Payroll Protection Program (PPP). In response, Otting argued that the rewrite (done in conjunction with the FDIC—see InfoBytes CRA coverage here) should actually be accelerated “because it will drive more dollars into low and moderate income communities” impacted by the pandemic. However, several Democrats on the Committee disagreed and called for a separate hearing to discuss the CRA proposal.
FDIC Chairman Jelena McWilliams also addressed actions undertaken to maintain stability and to provide flexibility to both banks and consumers. Among other things, McWilliams stated that banks should rely on borrowers’ statements certifying that their economic need is legitimate when making PPP loans. “Our instruction to banks has been to make sure these loans are not being traditionally underwritten [and] to take a look at the certification that the borrower is providing,” McWilliams said during the hearing. She also emphasized that all banks must comply with fair lending laws when making PPP loans, whether or not specific guidance has been issued.
NCUA Chairman Rodney E. Hood also outlined agency measures in response to the pandemic. Among other things, Hood noted that the NCUA has issued guidance to support credit union industry participation in the PPP and approved several regulatory changes concerning the classification of PPP loans for regulatory capital and commercial underwriting purposes.
The following day, the House Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Financial Institutions also held a roundtable with the federal regulators to discuss Covid-19 responses.
FDIC’s proposal addresses deposit insurance assessment effects of PPP, PPPLF, and MMLF participation
On May 12, the FDIC announced a proposed rulemaking that addresses the deposit insurance assessment effects of participating in the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and the Federal Reserve Board’s Paycheck Protection Program Lending Facility (PPPLF) and Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility (MMLF). The FDIC notes that because PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, and PPPLF and MMLF transactions are conducted with the Board on a non-recourse basis, the proposed rule ensures that participating banks are not subjected to “significantly higher deposit insurance assessments.”
According to FDIC’s Financial Institution Letter, FIL-56-2020, the proposed rule would remove the effect of participating in the programs (i) on various risk measures used to calculate a bank’s assessment rate; (ii) on certain adjustments to a bank’s assessment rate; (iii) by providing an offset to a bank’s assessment for the increase to its assessment base attributable to participation in the MMLF and PPPLF; and (iv) when classifying banks as small, large, or highly complex for assessment purposes. The FDIC is proposing an effective date by June 30 with an application date of April 1 to ensure the changes cover assessments starting in the second quarter of 2020.
Comments on the proposed rule will be accepted for seven days after publication in the Federal Register.
Federal Reserve published updates to the Municipal Liquidity Facility term sheet
On May 11, the Federal Reserve Board issued a press release to publish updates to the Municipal Liquidity Facility (MLF) term sheet. As previously covered by InfoBytes (here and here), the MLF was established to provide liquidity to state and local governments so they could continue to provide services for their citizens. The Federal Reserve Board also published FAQs regarding the MLF and a Pricing Appendix.
Fed report discusses banking system, cancels non-critical examinations
On May 8, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) issued its Supervision and Regulation Report, which summarizes banking system conditions and the Fed’s supervisory and regulatory activities. The annual report discusses the safety and soundness of the banking industry, and explains the Fed’s response to Covid-19 pandemic. The report notes that actions taken by the Fed “use existing flexibility in the regulatory and supervisory framework and do not roll back the measures that allowed the banking sector to enter this crisis as a source of strength….” The report emphasizes that the banking system started 2020 in a healthy financial position, which helped enable institutions to “absorb higher credit losses will continuing to lend during times of stress.” The report notes that banks are facing significant operational challenges as a result of social distancing measures, and that during the first quarter of 2020, U.S. bank earnings declined sharply; however, strains in bank funding markets have somewhat eased since their stressed condition in March. As for the Fed’s supervisory activities, the report states that the Fed has deferred or cancelled non-critical examinations at large financial institutions for the remainder of the year. Specifically, the report notes that “examination activity will reflect operating conditions and will continue to target areas of heightened risk due to containment measure-related developments as well as known deficiencies that existed prior to the current crisis.”
Federal Reserve issues guidance regarding flood insurance compliance
On May 6, the Federal Reserve issued guidance to state member banks regarding flood insurance compliance in response to Covid-19. The guidance responds to a question regarding the extension of maturities/payments or balloon payments due to Covid-19 as well as a question about the impact of FEMA Bulletin W-20002 on force placement requirements under the Flood Disaster Protection Act and the implementing regulation.
Fed extends initial compliance dates for certain parts of SCCL
On May 1, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced it would extend the initial compliance dates for certain parts of its single-counterparty credit limit rule (SCLL), which was approved in 2018 and limits a U.S. bank holding company’s or foreign banking organization’s credit exposure to another counterparty. As previously covered by InfoBytes, the Fed initially proposed the extension last November. Under the extension, the largest foreign banks subject to the single-counterparty credit limit rule will have until July 1, 2021 to comply, while smaller foreign banks will not be required to comply until January 1, 2022.
Fed, OCC, FDIC respond to Crapo’s PPP support letter
In April, Senator Mike Crapo (R-ID), Chairman of the Senate Banking Committee, received replies to an April 8 letter he sent to the Federal Reserve (Fed), OCC, NCUA, and FDIC, which urged the regulators to “strengthen the Paycheck Protection Program” (PPP) and requested that they provide recommendations to assist the market as well as lenders and borrowers affected by Covid-19.
The Fed highlighted how it has strengthened the PPP, stating it: (i) eased “leverage requirements for community banks”; (ii) “published rules delaying the impact on regulatory capital of new loan-loss accounting standards”; (iii) created a new lending facility for the PPP; (iv) jointly with the FDIC, and OCC, “issued an interim final rule to clarify that a zero percent risk weight applies to PPP loans and to neutralize the regulatory capital effects of participating in the new PPP lending facility, helping preserve the flow of credit to small businesses”; (v) “encouraged institutions to use their capital buffers for their primary purpose: to support safe and sound lending throughout the credit cycle”; and (vi) provided suggestions for “congressional action to improve regulatory flexibility.”
The OCC’s replied that it has taken the following actions, among others, to support the PPP: (i) “encouraged banks to work with customers affected by” the pandemic; (ii) “encouraged banks to use the [Fed’s] discount window”; (iii) encouraged use of capital and liquidity buffers by banks; (iv) issued a joint statement with five regulatory agencies promoting “responsible small-dollar loans to consumers and small businesses”; (v) jointly issued interim final rules regarding regulatory capital and deferral of real estate appraisals; and (vi) coordinated listening sessions on the PPP.
The FDIC stated it is working to provide “necessary flexibility to both banks and their customers.” The agency’s response also enumerated several other actions it has taken to promote the PPP, including that it: (i) created a PPP information page on their website; (ii) shared bank questions and concerns with the Small Business Administration (SBA); (iii) created bank frequently asked questions; (iv) issued a financial institution letter referencing resources from the SBA and the Treasury; (v) continues to “provid[e]…resources to our examination teams so they” can better answer questions from regulated institutions; and (vi) jointly with other regulatory agencies, issued guidance on current expected credit losses methodology and community bank leverage ratio. The FDIC also reported possible supplementary and tier 1 leverage ratio changes.
Regulators modify liquidity coverage rule for MMM and PPP participants
On May 5, the Federal Reserve Board, the OCC, and the FDIC announced an interim final rule that modifies the agencies’ Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) rule to support participation in the Federal Reserve's Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility and the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (previously covered by InfoBytes here and here). The LCR rule requires large banks to hold a certain amount of “high-quality liquid assets” in order to meet their short-term liquidity needs. The interim final rule modifies the agencies’ capital rules to neutralize the effects of participation. The rule is effective immediately and comments will be accepted within 30 days of publication in the Federal Register.
OCC and Federal Reserve issue joint response to question regarding market risk capital rule
On May 1, the OCC and the Federal Reserve Board issued a joint response to a public question about a capital implication under the market risk capital rule in light of current market conditions arising from the Covid-19 pandemic. The joint response notes that, in March and April of 2020, the agencies took supervisory action giving certain banks the option to apply the multiplication factor that applied as of December 31, 2019, rather than applying a higher multiplier based on the most recent exceptions.
Fed expands Main Street Lending Program
On April 30, the Federal Reserve (Fed) announced plans to expand the Main Street Lending Program in order to “help credit flow to small and medium-sized businesses that were in sound financial condition before the pandemic.” As previously covered by a Special Alert, the Main Street Loan Program was established pursuant to the CARES Act to support small and medium-sized businesses by extending four-year loans with deferred principal and interest payments for the first year. Loan amounts started at $1 million and businesses with up to 10,000 employees or up to $2.5 billion in annual revenues could apply, with the majority of the loans then sold to a Main Street facility, while the lenders retained a 5 percent share of the loans. The Main Street Lending Program utilized a Main Street New Loan Facility (MSNLF) to provide an option for new loans, and a Main Street Expanded Loan Facility (MSELF) to provide a second option for increasing the amount of existing loans. After the Main Street Lending Program was introduced, the Fed received a large amount of feedback, which it used to make a number of modifications to the program. The modifications include:
- Increasing the size of eligible businesses to those with up to 15,000 employees or up to $5 billion in annual revenues for 2019;
- Adding a third loan option called priority, which increases “risk sharing by lenders for borrowers with greater leverage”;
- Increasing the percentage share of loans that lenders retain in the priority loan option to 15 percent; and
- Lowering the starting loan amount to $500,000 for the new loan and priority loan options.
Additional information can be found in the announcement and in the Main Street Lending Program Frequently Asked Questions here. See term sheets for the New Loan Facility here, Priority Loan Facility here, and the Expanded Loan Facility here.