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FTC Settles with Bitcoin Mining Operation Over Alleged Deceptive Practices
On February 18, the FTC announced that a Kansas-based bitcoin mining operation and two of its operators had agreed to settle allegations that their marketing practices for bitcoin mining machines and services were deceptive, and that they failed to deliver their product or mining services in a timely fashion, or at all, to consumers who were charged upfront fees ranging from $149 to $29,899. Under the terms of the FTC’s two orders – one of which was issued to the company and its part-owner and the other to the company’s general manager – the company and individuals are prohibited from (i) misrepresenting to consumers aspects of their bitcoin mining products or services, including speed, efficiency, operational cost, performance, or efficacy; (ii) collecting upfront payments from consumers, unless the product can be shipped or the service started within 30 days of payment; and (iii) keeping consumers’ payments if the product delivered was damaged, or the service provided did not meet the promised specifications. The orders impose judgments of $38,615,161 against the company and its part-owner and $135,878 against the company’s general manager. The FTC partially suspended the judgments due to inability to pay, but commented that the judgments “will become due should the defendants be found to have misrepresented their financial condition.”
California AG Harris Issues Data Breach Report
On February 16, California AG Kamala Harris released a report analyzing data breaches reported to her office from 2012 through 2015. During that time period, the report identifies 657 data breaches that compromised more than 49 million Californians’ personal information. The report summarizes the scope of California’s existing breach notice law and notes that notification laws in 46 other states were modeled after California’s original law. According to the report, federal data breach proposals currently under consideration in Congress would, among other things, (i) set the consumer protection bar very low; (ii) infringe on state-based innovation; (iii) encroach on enforcement by state attorneys general; (iv) narrowly define harm and personal information; and (v) set “overly rigid timelines for notification.” The report provides recommendations for organizations and state policymakers on how to improve data security. Specifically, the report recommends that organizations: (i) adopt the Center for Internet Security’s Critical Security Controls relevant to the organization’s specific environment; (ii) use multi-factor authentication to protect critical systems and data, and make the multi-factor authentication available on consumer-facing online accounts containing sensitive personal information; (iii) consistently use strong encryption to protect personal information on laptops and other portable devices; and (iv) encourage persons affected by a breach of Social Security or driver’s license numbers to place a fraud alert on their credit files. Finally, the report recommends that state policymakers “collaborate in seeking to harmonize state breach laws on some key dimensions.”
CFPB Announces Consumer Advisory Board Meeting
On Thursday, February 25, the CFPB will hold its next Consumer Advisory Board meeting in Washington, DC. According to the meeting’s agenda, after opening remarks from Director Cordray, Chris D’Angelo, Director Cordray’s Chief of Staff, will discuss the Bureau’s strategic outlook. Later in the afternoon, CFPB Assistant Director for Financial Education Janneke Ratcliffe and Senior Financial Education Research Analyst Genevieve Melford will speak on the topic of Measuring Financial Well-Being. The event is open to the public.
Department of Homeland Security Publishes CISA Procedures and Guidance
On February 16, the DHS published guidance for both private and federal entities on the sharing of cyber threat indicators with the federal government. As required by the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (CISA), the DHS and the DOJ jointly released the following four documents: (i) Sharing of Cyber Threat Indicators and Defensive Measures by the Federal Government; (ii) Guidance to Assist Non-Federal Entities to Share Cyber Threat Indicators and Defensive Measures with the Federal Entities; (iii) Interim Procedures Related to the Receipt of Cyber Threat Indicators and Defensive Measures by the Federal Government; and (iv) Privacy and Civil Liberties Interim Guidelines. The first two documents focus on assisting private sector and federal entities identify indicators and defensive measures for cybersecurity threats. The third document establishes procedures relating to the receipt of certain cyber threat indicators and defensive measures by all federal entities under CISA. The fourth document establishes interim privacy and civil liberties guidelines for federal entities on the receipt, retention, use, and dissemination of cyber threat indicators.
Government Accountability Office Issues Report on Proposed AML Legislation
Recently, the GAO published a report regarding the potential illicit use of remittance transfers and how, if at all, the proposed Remittance Status Verification Act (RSVA or Act) would assist federal agencies in their anti-money laundering (AML) requirements under the Bank Secrecy Act. If adopted, the RSVA would, among other things, require that remittance providers verify remittance senders’ legal status under the U.S. immigration laws; those unable to provide proof of immigration status would be subject to a fine. The proposed Act would also lower the $3,000 threshold level at which remittance providers are required to obtain and record data for a funds transfer. According to the GAO’s findings, almost all stakeholders expressed concern over the potential requirement to verify legal immigration status, with IRS officials concluding that “verifying identities and collecting information at a near zero dollar threshold would not be useful and could cause remitters to resort to off-the-book methods.” Most law enforcement officials, however, suggested that a lower threshold would benefit agencies’ AML efforts.
State AGs Urge Senate to Pass Bill Banning Debt Collection Robocalls
On February 10, Indiana Attorney General Greg Zoeller and Missouri Attorney General Chris Koster, along with 23 other state attorneys general, wrote to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (Committee) urging it to pass legislation repealing a recent amendment to the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) that allows debt collection robocalls to consumers’ cellphones. According to the AGs’ letter, the TCPA currently “permits citizens to be bombarded by unwanted and previously illegal robocalls to their cell phones if the calls are made pursuant to the collection of debt owed to or guaranteed by the United States.” The letter references the FCC’s efforts to slow the proliferation of robocalling and calls the recent amendment to the TCPA a “step backward in our law enforcement efforts” to protect consumers from “unwanted and unwelcome robocalls.”
Federal Register Publishes Correction to CFPB's KBYO Rule
On February 10, the CFPB published a correction to amend the preamble of the Know Before You Owe (KBYO) rule. Under the former RESPA rules, prepaid property taxes, HOA dues, condo fees, and co-op fees were not subject to tolerances, and the CFPB did not intend to modify that standard under KBYO. However, KBYO’s preamble was missing a “not” where it explained applicable tolerance limitations, which reinforced existing dialogue that the aforementioned fees were within the zero tolerance category. The CFPB’s recently issued correction amends KBYO’s preamble to include the formerly missing “not”: “The final rule also mirrors current Regulation X in that property insurance premiums, property taxes, homeowner’s association dues, condominium fees, and cooperative fees are not subject to tolerances whether or not they are placed into an escrow, impound, reserve, or similar account.” The publication further explains why the CFPB believes those fees are not subject to tolerances, noting “[p]roperty taxes, homeowner’s association dues, condominium fees, and cooperative fees are all ‘[c]harges paid for third-party servicers not required by the creditor.’” The correction is effective February 10, 2016.
FTC Submits Letter to CFPB Regarding ECOA Enforcement and Education Activities
On February 8, the FTC sent the CFPB a letter summarizing the FTC’s enforcement activities related to compliance with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) and implementing Regulation B during 2015. The annual letter reviews the FTC’s responsibilities with regard to ECOA enforcement and education to most non-bank financial service providers. Highlights of the letter include, but are not limited to, (i) the FTC’s public workshop on the growing use of online lead generation in industries such as lending and education; (ii) the FTC’s Federal Register Notice seeking comments on a proposed survey of consumers regarding their experiences in buying and financing automobiles at dealerships, over which the FTC has broad authority to enforce the FTC Act and ECOA; and (iii) updates to the FTC’s Mortgage Discrimination publication, which includes information about ECOA and warns consumers of illegal practices. Finally, the FTC emphasized that, since 2011, it has brought over 25 cases in the auto purchase and financing industry, “including those in a federal-state effort that yielded more than 200 actions for fraud, deception, and other illegal practices.”
Obama Administration's FY 2017 Budget Proposal Makes Room for Small Dollar Loan Program
This week, the Obama Administration released the Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Proposal. President Obama’s proposed budget for the Department of the Treasury would, through the Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund, reserve at least $10 million until September 30, 2018 to provide grants for loan loss reserve funds and to provide technical assistance for small dollar loan programs under section 1206 of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Small Dollar Loan Program, according to the budget proposal, “will support broader access to safe and affordable financial products and provide an alternative to predatory lending by encouraging CDFIs to establish and maintain small dollar loan programs.” Earlier this year, Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH), in a letter to the President, requested that the FY 2017 budget proposal prioritize funding for small dollar loan programs, as outlined in Title XII – Improving Access to Mainstream Financial Institutions – of the Dodd-Frank Act.
On a similar note, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing titled, “Short-term, Small Dollar Lending: The CFPB’s Assault on Access to Credit and Trampling of State and Tribal Sovereignty,” on February 11, which examined the short-term, small dollar credit marketplace. During the hearing, House members expressed concern that the CFPB and other government agencies are “overextending their efforts” in regulating the industry, thus limiting consumers’ access to credit. Per the CFPB’s 2015 Regulatory Agenda, the agency is “in the process of developing a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to address concerns in markets for payday, auto title, and similar lending products.” This stimulated conversations on how the potential rule would affect consumers and existing state and tribal law. CFPB Acting Deputy Director David Silberman was present at the hearing; Silberman maintained that the CFPB’s regulatory efforts are to ensure that small dollar loans are affordable and that consumers are not “spiraling into continual debt.”
FY 2017 Budget Proposal: Implications for FHA Down Payment Assistance Programs
As previously noted, the White House released the FY 2017 Budget Proposal this week. President Obama’s proposed HUD budget for FY 2017 would revise the FHA down payment assistance requirements found under Section 203(b)(9) of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1709) by (i) replacing subparagraph (C) (Prohibited sources), and adding a new subparagraph (D) (Government assistance). The proposed amendment to the National Housing Act “seeks to clarify that down payment assistance from state and local governments and their respective agencies and instrumentalities are not impermissible sources of down payment assistance.”