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  • FDIC releases semiannual update on Restoration Plan

    On December 7, the FDIC released its semiannual update on the Restoration Plan for the agency’s Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF). The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the FDI Act) requires that the FDIC board adopt a Restoration Plan wherein the DIF balance falls below the statutory minimum reserve ratio by the required deadline. The FDIC detailed that after the first half of 2020 and the onset of Covid-19, insured deposit growth caused a steep decline in the reserve ratio—the ratio of the fund balance relative to insured deposit—so the FDIC initiated the Restoration Plan in September 2020 to restore the DIF reserve ratio to 1.35 percent by the anticipated deadline. In 2022, however, the FDIC revised the plan after recognizing the risk of not meeting the required minimum by the deadline. The Amended Restoration Plan (covered by InfoBytes here) raised deposit insurance assessment rates by two basis points for all insured depository institutions, effective from the first quarterly assessment period of 2023.

    The FDIC reported that as of June 30, the DIF balance was $117 billion, and the reserve ratio decreased from 1.25 percent to 1.1 percent due to increased loss provisions, which is on track to meet the statutory threshold ahead of the September 30, 2028, deadline. 

    Bank Regulatory Federal Issues FDIC Deposit Insurance Federal Deposit Insurance Act

  • FDIC issues final rule on special assessment, moves to collect $16.3 billion

    On November 16, the FDIC approved a final rule to implement a special assessment to recover Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) losses from protecting uninsured depositors, following the failure of two banks earlier this year. According to the fact sheet, banks that benefited most from assistance provided under systemic risk determination will pay to recover the losses. The FDIC aims to collect $16.3 billion from 114 financial institutions at a quarterly rate of 3.36 basis points over eight quarterly assessment periods, and an annual rate of 13.4 basis points “an increase from the 12.5 basis point annual rate in the [May] proposal.”

    The FDIC stated that if enough funds were collected to cover actual or estimated losses, it could cease collection efforts early. Alternatively, if losses surpass the collected amount within the initial eight-quarter collection period, the collection period can be extended for additional quarters. The FDIC also added that if actual losses exceed the collected amounts after the receiverships for both banks end, it can impose a one-time final shortfall assessment.

    The special assessment does not apply to any financial institution with less than $5 billion in total assets. The final rule will be effective April 1, 2024, and the first collection for the special assessment is due June 28, 2024. 

    Bank Regulatory FDIC Credit Risk Deposit Insurance Call Report

  • Fed's Bowman discusses research of regulatory thresholds, deposits

    On October 4, Federal Reserve Governor Michelle Bowman delivered a speech at the Fed’s annual Community Banking Research Conference, calling for more research on regulatory thresholds and the deposit insurance framework. In her remarks, Bowman discussed the importance of evidence-based research around community banks and their role in the U.S. banking system, especially in light of recent bank failures. “Research and evidence-based rulemaking can insulate the banking system from wide swings in policy over time,” she said, adding that before rulemaking, the agency must have a comprehensive understanding of both the root causes of bank failures and the costs and consequences of potential reforms.

    Bowman additionally discussed needed reforms to bank merger policy, particularly  to include nonbank competitors and credit unions in the analysis of the competitive landscape. Bowman argued that the use of a narrower view on competitive concerns has led to increasingly long application and review periods for mergers, which can increase negative outcomes.  

    Regarding community bank thresholds, Bowman noted contradictions and inconsistencies how community banks are defined, and accordingly regulated, across the regulatory system. For example, while the Dodd-Frank Act defined community banks as those institutions with less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, the Community Reinvestment Act regulation includes asset thresholds well below the “common understanding of what a community bank is.”  “Are these asset size thresholds properly calibrated, and are the impacts, costs, and benefits to institutions and to customers when banks cross these different thresholds rational? Are these thresholds creating the right incentives to promote prudent lending while appropriately balancing risk?” Bowman asked. She suggests leveraging business models in tailoring rules, instead of looking only at asset-size thresholds.

    Another area in need of research in the wake of recent bank failures, Bowman suggested, is bank funding models and deposit infrastructure. Thanks to modern technology, consumers can withdraw funds faster than ever, so deposit insurance parameters are worth revisiting to ensure it can “support banking sector stability in the face of the challenges posed by today's technology,” Bowman said.

     

    Bank Regulatory Federal Issues Federal Reserve Deposit Insurance Agency Rule-Making & Guidance

  • FDIC highlights inaccurate reporting of uninsured deposits by IDIs

    On July 24, the FDIC released a letter reporting that some insured depository institutions (IDIs) are not accurately reporting their estimated uninsured deposits as per the instructions on the Call Report. According to the letter, some IDIs are wrongly decreasing the reported amount based on the collateralization of uninsured deposits, even though the presence of collateral does not affect the portion covered by federal deposit insurance. The FDIC also noted that by excluding intercompany deposit balances of their subsidiaries, some IDIs are incorrectly reducing the reported amount of deposits on Schedule RC-O. The FDIC stated that “in reporting uninsured deposits, if an IDI has deposit accounts with balances in excess of the federal deposit insurance limit that it has collateralized by pledging assets…the IDI should make a reasonable estimate of the portion of these deposits that is uninsured using the data available from its information systems.” IDIs should refer to the general instructions for Call Reports on how to accurately submit data. The FDIC recommended that IDIs that have incorrectly reported uninsured deposits make appropriate changes to the data and submit a revised data file to the Central Data Repository.

    Bank Regulatory Federal Issues FDIC Depository Institution Call Report Deposit Insurance

  • FDIC tells three companies to stop claims about deposit insurance

    On June 15, the FDIC sent letters ordering three companies and certain of their officers to cease and desist from using the agency’s logo and making false and misleading statements about FDIC deposit insurance. The companies are required to take immediate corrective action to address the allegedly misleading statements. The FDIC maintained that the banks and/or its officers made false and misleading statements in English and Spanish suggesting that they are FDIC-insured. For one of the companies, the FDIC alleged that the company stated that insurance would protect customers’ cryptocurrency assets; that it had and that the company claimed a partner relationship with an FDIC-insured bank without identifying the insured institution in its consumer-facing materials; and that its false FDIC insurance claims were made through social media posts by the company and its chief marketing officer. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, the announcement added, persons are prohibited “from representing or implying that an uninsured product is FDIC-insured or from knowingly misrepresenting the extent and manner of deposit insurance.” The FDIC requested a response within 15 days for two of the companies and 5 days for one.

    Bank Regulatory Federal Issues Deposit Insurance Federal Deposit Insurance Act

  • FDIC orders neobank to stop fraudulent deposit insurance representations

    On March 27, the FDIC sent a letter to a neobank demanding that it stop making false or misleading representations about FDIC deposit insurance and take immediate corrective action to address these statements. The FDIC maintained that the neobank and/or its officers made false and misleading statements in English and Spanish suggesting that it is FDIC-insured and that FDIC insurance will protect customers’ cryptocurrency assets. The FDIC explained in the letter that not only is the neobank not FDIC-insured, the FDIC does not insure crypto assets. “By not distinguishing between US-dollar deposits and crypto assets, the statements imply FDIC insurance coverage applies to all customer funds (including crypto assets),” the letter said. Moreover, the neobank also failed to “clearly and conspicuously identify an insured deposit institution for placement of deposits,” the FDIC said in its announcement. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, the announcement added, persons are prohibited “from representing or implying that an uninsured product is FDIC-insured or from knowingly misrepresenting the extent and manner of deposit insurance.” The FDIC requested a response within 15 days.

    Bank Regulatory Federal Issues FDIC Deposit Insurance Federal Deposit Insurance Act

  • FDIC orders entities to stop making fraudulent deposit insurance representations

    On February 15, the FDIC sent letters to four entities demanding that they stop making false or misleading representations about FDIC deposit insurance. Letters were sent to a cryptocurrency exchange and to a nonbank financial services provider demanding that the entities cease and desist from making false and misleading statements about FDIC deposit insurance and take immediate corrective action to address these statements. The FDIC also sent letters to two websites ordering them to remove similar false and misleading statements claiming that the crypto exchange and the nonbank financial services provider are FDIC-insured and that FDIC insurance will protect customers’ cryptocurrency or protect customers in the event of the nonbank’s failure. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, persons are prohibited “from representing or implying that an uninsured product is FDIC-insured or from knowingly misrepresenting the extent and manner of deposit insurance.”

    Bank Regulatory Federal Issues FDIC Deposit Insurance Cryptocurrency Digital Assets Nonbank FDI Act

  • FDIC proposes signage amendments, issues revised guide on supervisory appeals process

    On December 13, the FDIC held a meeting, during which board members approved a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to modernize and amend the rules “governing the use of the official FDIC sign and insured depository institutions’ (IDIs) advertising statements to reflect how depositors do business with IDIs today, including through digital and mobile channels.” According to the FDIC’s announcement, the NPRM would amend part 328 of its regulations by updating the requirements for when the FDIC’s official sign can be displayed. Institutions would also be required to use signs that differentiate insured deposits from non-deposit products across banking channels and provide disclosures to consumers alerting them to when certain financial products are not insured by the FDIC, are not considered deposits, and may lose value.

    Acting Chairman Martin Gruenberg noted that there have not been major changes to these rules since 2006. FDIC board member and CFPB Director Rohit Chopra issued a statement in support of the NPRM, noting that the financial sector has evolved significantly since 2006, and “[b]anks increasingly offer uninsured products, physical branches look different, more than 65% of banked households primarily bank online or through their mobile phone, and convoluted bank-nonbank partnerships have proliferated.” He specifically highlighted several of the proposed changes, including: (i) requiring banks to physically segregate the parts of the branch used for accepting insured deposits from other areas where uninsured products are offered; (ii) requiring banks to display digital FDIC signs on their websites and mobile apps, including clear notifications on relevant pages where uninsured products are offered; (iii) requiring disclosures that deposit insurance does not protect against the failure of nonbanks and, if relevant, that pass-through deposit insurance coverage is not automatic or certain; and (iv) clarifying that crypto assets are uninsured, non-deposit products. Comments on the NPRM are due 60 days after publication in the Federal Register.

    On the same day, the FDIC adopted proposed changes to the Guidelines for Appeals of Material Supervisory Determinations. The board solicited public comments in October on the proposed changes (covered by InfoBytes here). The revised Guidelines add the agency’s ombudsman to the Supervision Appeals Review Committee (SARC) as a non-voting member (the ombudsman will be responsible for monitoring the supervision process after a financial institution submits an appeal and must periodically report to the board on these matters). Materials under consideration by the SARC will have to be shared with both parties to the appeal (subject to applicable legal limitations on disclosure), while financial institutions will be allowed to request a stay of material supervisory determination during a pending appeal. Additionally, the division director is given the discretion to grant a stay or grant a stay subject to certain conditions, and institutions will be provided decisions in writing regarding a stay. The revised Guidelines take effect immediately.

    Bank Regulatory Federal Issues Agency Rule-Making & Guidance FDIC Supervision Deposit Insurance Appeals

  • FDIC raises deposit insurance assessment rates

    On October 18, the FDIC Board of Directors approved the adoption of a final rule to increase the initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules uniformly by two basis points beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2023. (See also FDIC fact sheet here.) The FDIC said that after considering comments and updated analysis and projections, the increase in assessment rates was adopted without change from when it was proposed in June (covered by InfoBytes here). The FDIC emphasized that the increased assessment revenue is intended to increase the likelihood that the reserve ratio of the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) reaches the statutory minimum of 1.35 percent by the mandated deadline of September 30, 2028, while also reducing the likelihood that the FDIC would need to consider a potentially pro-cyclical assessment rate increase where it raises assessments when banking and economic conditions may be less favorable. This increase “is projected to have an insignificant effect on institutions’ capital levels, is estimated to reduce income slightly by annual average of 1.2 percent, and should not impact lending or credit availability in any meaningful way,” the FDIC said. Concurrently, the FDIC maintained the Designated Reserve Ratio for the DIF at two percent for 2023.

    Acting Chairman Martin J. Gruenberg stressed that it “is better to take prudent but modest action earlier in the statutory 8-year period to reach the minimum reserve ratio, than to delay and potentially have to consider a pro-cyclical assessment increase.” CFPB Director and FDIC Board Member Rohit Chopra also chimed in, saying that while he voted in favor of finalizing the deposit insurance rate increase, there are a number of changes that must be made over the long term to deposit insurance assessment policies. These include (i) finding ways for banks that pose the most risk to the DIF “to pay more, relative to smaller institutions where the likelihood of large losses to the Fund are tiny”; (ii) building a framework to ensure assessment rate changes are countercyclical where premiums are adjusted “upward and downward based on economic conditions, recent industry profits, and other appropriate indicators”; and (iii) developing “a framework that relies less on ad-hoc adjustments and more on a systematized formula” based on specific quantitative factors.

    Bank Regulatory Federal Issues Agency Rule-Making & Guidance FDIC CFPB Deposit Insurance

  • FDIC issues final rule on troubled debt restructuring accounting standards

    On October 18, the FDIC published a final rule in the Federal Register to incorporate updated accounting standards in the risk-based deposit insurance assessment system applicable to all large and highly complex insured depository institutions. According to the FDIC, the final rule adds a new term, “modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty,” to two financial measures—the underperforming assets ratio and the higher-risk assets ratio—that are used to determine deposit insurance assessments for large and highly complex insured depository institutions.

    Bank Regulatory Agency Rule-Making & Guidance Federal Issues FDIC Deposit Insurance

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