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CFPB takes action against student debt-relief operation
On July 13, the CFPB filed a complaint in federal district court against a nationwide student loan debt-relief business—consisting of two companies, their owners, and four attorneys—for allegedly charging thousands of customers approximately $11.8 million in upfront fees in violation of the Telemarketing Sales Rule (TSR). According to the complaint, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, the companies would market its debt-relief services to customers over the phone, encouraging those with private loans to sign up with an attorney to reduce or eliminate their student debt. The attorney agreement typically provided for “a fee, typically 40 [percent] of the outstanding debt, to be paid by monthly installments, along with a processing fee that costs an additional $10 per month.” The business allegedly charged the fees before the consumer had made at least one payment on the altered debts, in violation of the TSR’s prohibition on requesting or receiving advance fees for debt-relief service or, for certain defendants, the TSR’s prohibition on providing substantial assistance to someone charging the illegal fees.
On August 17, the court approved stipulated final judgments with four of the defendants (one company owner and three of the attorneys, here, here, and here). The company owner is permanently banned from providing debt-relief services or engaging in telemarketing of any consumer financial product or service, and is required to pay $25,000 in partial satisfaction of a suspended $11.8 million in redress. Similarly, the three attorneys are each banned from providing debt-relief services and required to pay $5,000, $21,567, and $30,000 each in partial satisfaction of various redress amounts. Additionally, the judgments impose a civil money penalty of $1 against each defendant.
CFPB reports on debt settlement and credit counseling
On July 10, the CFPB released the latest quarterly consumer credit trends report on debt settlement and credit counseling from 2007 through 2019. The report notes that debt settlements “increased sharply” during the 2008 recession. It also noted that debt settlement activity has been on the rise again following changes in delinquencies and credit tightness. The Bureau concludes that the recent increase in debt settlement activity is a “function of changing macroeconomic conditions, creditor account management strategies, and apparent increases in for-profit [debt settlement] activity.” The report notes that there is no corresponding increase in credit counseling activities, which is consistent with debt settlement companies “gaining market presence” and a reduction in the availability of credit counseling programs.
Washington Division of Consumer Services continues waiver and reduction of certain Consumer Loan Act fees
On July 15, the Washington Department of Financial Services, Division of Consumer Services, announced that it will continue to temporarily waive or reduce certain fees under the Consumer Loan Act. For activities conducted during 2020, the department will: (i) temporarily waive hourly fees charged on consumer loan company examinations between July 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021; (ii) for calendar year 2020 activity, temporarily waive assessments on residential mortgage loans in portfolio on December 31, 2019; and (iii) reduce mortgage loan originator renewal fees for the 2021 calendar year from $155 to $75. The division will continue to evaluate the possibility of additional fee waivers in the future.
OCC launches Project REACh to help underserved populations access capital and credit
On July 10, the OCC launched an initiative to promote greater financial inclusion of underserved populations. Project REACh (Roundtable for Economic Access and Change) brings together leaders from the banking industry, national civil rights organizations, and various businesses and technology organizations who will identify and reduce barriers to accessing capital and credit. REACh program participants will focus on “inherent policy and structural issues at the national and local levels” to expand financial inclusion, and convened on July 10 to discuss which financial inclusion projects to address.
CFPB announces Consumer Financial Protection Week
On July 6, the CFPB announced the launch of Consumer Financial Protection Week from July 14 through July 17. Over the course of four days, the Bureau is hosting or participating in multiple virtual events, including (i) a tutorial and overview of the HMDA data browser; (ii) a discussion on the Bureau’s supervisory and enforcement prioritized assessment approach; and (iii) a discussion on the Bureau’s Taskforce on Federal Consumer Financial Law.
District of Columbia amends law relating to emergency credit alerts during Covid-19
On July 7, the mayor of D.C. signed D.C. Act 23-0332, which amends the Coronavirus Support Congressional Review Emergency Amendment Act of 2020, previously covered here, and certain other laws to, among other things, add provisions relating to emergency credit alerts. Under the amendments, a user of a credit report may not consider adverse information in a consumer report that was the result of an action or inaction by the consumer that occurred during, and was the direct or indirect result of, a public health emergency declared by the mayor, if the credit report includes an emergency credit alert.
CFPB’s semi-annual report to Congress discusses Covid-19 response
On July 7, the CFPB issued its semi-annual report to Congress covering the Bureau’s work from October 1, 2019, through March 31, 2020. The report, which is required by the Dodd-Frank Act, addresses, among other things, problems faced by consumers with regard to consumer financial products or services; significant rules and orders adopted by the Bureau; and various supervisory and enforcement actions taken by the Bureau. In her opening letter, Director Kathy Kraninger discusses the Bureau’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic, stating that the Bureau has participated in “countless joint statements, virtual co-appearances, and shared broadcasts to stakeholders with [their] prudential partners” and has “directly engage[d] consumers with the right information, at the right time.”
Among other things, the report highlights first time homebuyers and credit scores as areas in which consumers face significant problems, citing to the Bureau’s Market Snapshot on First-time Homebuyers and the quarterly consumer credit trends report on public records. In addition to highlighting the Bureau’s previous efforts during the reporting period, the report notes upcoming initiatives and plans, including (i) the Taskforce on Federal Consumer Financial Law’s public listening sessions in the fall; (ii) the cost-benefit analysis symposium in July; and (iii) further work on their Covid-19 pandemic responses.
Fed releases CARES Act credit reporting, mortgage servicing examination procedures
On July 7, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) released CA 20-11 and related examination procedures for the credit reporting and mortgage servicing provisions of the CARES Act. The procedures apply to CARES Act provisions that created new requirements for furnishers of credit information and mortgage servicers of certain mortgage loans for consumers impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. The CARES Act amended the FCRA and required that consumer accounts be reported by furnishers as current if the consumer was current prior to the grant of a CARES Act accommodation. For mortgage servicers, the CARES Act generally required servicers of federally backed mortgage loans to grant forbearance requests toCovid-19-impacted borrowers. Servicers of these mortgages were also prohibited from initiating foreclosures through May 17, 2020. Structured as a series of modules with similar requirements grouped together, the examination procedures are intended to provide the framework for an institution’s examination, including an evaluation of the adequacy of an institution’s compliance management system. The examination procedures’ credit reporting provisions apply to supervised institutions with total consolidated assets of $10 billion or less, whereas the mortgage servicing provisions apply to all supervised institutions, including those with total consolidated assets of $10 billion or less.
The Fed advised that in exercising supervisory and enforcement responsibilities it intends to take into account the unique circumstances impacting borrowers and institutions resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. As such, the Fed does not expect to initiate a public enforcement action against an institution provided the circumstances were related to Covid-19, and the institution demonstrated good faith efforts to support borrowers and comply with consumer protection laws.
Maryland Department of Labor issues financial relief guide for Marylanders
On June 19, the Maryland Department of Labor’s Office of the Commissioner of Financial Regulation issued the Covid-19 Health Crisis: Financial Relief Guide for Marylanders. Among other things, the guide contains information and resources regarding relief programs for consumers relating to economic impact payments, mortgage payments and foreclosure, rental evictions, student loans, automobile and personal loans, collections and garnishment, credit reporting, and insurance coverage and payments.
Washington Department of Financial Institutions amends guidance for state regulated and exempt residential mortgage loan servicers
On June 19, the Washington Department of Financial Institutions issued amended guidance that replaces guidance issued in March to Washington State regulated and exempt residential mortgage loan servicers regarding support for consumers impacted by Covid-19. The amended guidance urges mortgage servicers to continue to assist consumers adversely impacted by Covid-19. The department further urges services to take “reasonable and prudent actions through September 30, 2020, subject to the requirements of any related guarantees or insurance policies” to support mortgagors by: (1) forbearing mortgage payments; (2) refraining from certain credit reporting; (3) offering additional time to complete trial loan modifications; (4) ensuring that late payments do not adversely affect a consumer’s ability to obtain permanent loan modifications; (5) waiving certain fees; (6) postponing foreclosures; (7) ensuring mortgagors do not experience service disruptions as a result of office closures; and (8) proactively reaching out to mortgagors to explain the assistance being offered.